Population pharmacokinetics of mefloquine, piperaquine and artemether-lumefantrine in Cambodian and Tanzanian malaria patients

Table 5 Population estimate of clearance ( CL ) and steady-state volume of distribution ( V _SS ) of antimalarials for a person with a median body weight of 70 kg from mixed effects models from the present study and in previous studies

Drug	Subjects	Median age (range) [years]	No. of patients	Duration of sampling	CL[L/h]	V_SS[L]	Ref.
AM	Patients	10 (1–78)	135	7 days	598	129	Present study
	Patients	22 (14–60)	217	360 h	252^a	304^a	[47]
	Patients	4.0 (1–10)	50	72 h	182–700^b	364	[46]
	Patients	7.7 ± 1.4^c	13	28 days	102	1263	[48]
	Pregnant women	21 (16–35)	21	10 h	1054^d	2602^d	[49]
DHA^e	Patients	10 (1–78)	135	7 days	419	129^f	Present study
	Patients	22 (14–60)	217	360 h	237^a	147^a	[47]
	Pregnant women	21 (16–35)	21	10 h	564	69	[49]
LF	Patients	9 (1–78)	143	7 days	7.7	265^f	Present study
	Patients	22 (14–60)	217	–	21	301	[47]
	Patients	23 (13–59)	102	–	7	298	[32]
	Patients	20 (5–66)	309	–	7.6	361	[32]
	Pregnant women	24 (15–42)	103	336 h	8.7	257	[50]
	Patients	4.0 (1–10)	50	72 h	5.4	623	[46]
	Patients	7.7 ± 1.4^c	13	28 days	7.29	506	[48]
DLF^g	Patients	9 (1–78)	143	7 days	336	265^f	Present study
	Patients	7.7 ± 1.4^c	13	28 days	701	119’500	[48]
MQ	Patients	18 (2–57)	63	14 days	2.4	625	Present study
	Patients	14.8 (8–61)	128	28 days	1.4	574.7	[8]
	Patients	9.3 (4–15)	74	28 days	3.71	1,089.2	[8]
	Prophylaxis	26^h (18–55)	1,111	26 weeks	1.75	863	[51]
	Patients	19 (2–55)	50	63 days	2.1	767.62	[52]
PPQ	Patients	18 (7–53)	60	14 days	109	42,820	Present study
	Patients	3–55	98	63 days	98^h	61,180ⁱ	[53]
	Patients	6 (2–10)	236	42 days	29	14,972	[54]
	Pregnant women	25 (18–43)	24	84 days	90	37,030	[55]
	Non-pregnant women	27.5 (18–45)	24	84 days	92	58,030	[55]

Abbreviations: AM artemether, AS artesunate, DBL desbutyl-lumefantrine, DHA dihydroartemisinin, LF lumefantrine, MQ mefloquine, PPQ piperaquine.
^a Fixed parameter at mean value.
^b From first to sixth dose.
^c Mean ± standard deviation.
^d Parameter estimates are weight normalized based on published population mean values divided by the mean weight of subjects.
^e Only as metabolite after administration of AM.
^f Fixed to Vss of AM.
^g Only as metabolite after administration of LF.
^h Mean.
ⁱ Population estimate for a patient with a median body weight of 48 kg.

ISSN: 1475-2875