Table 1 individual characteristics according to clinical status (n = 4 531, except other indication)
From: Environmental determinant of malaria cases among travellers
| Clinical malaria-free (n =4 400) | Clinical malaria (n =131) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (in years) * | 25 [22–29] | 25 [22–28] | 0.43 | |
| Manager † | ||||
| No | 3 245 (74%) | 109 (84%) | ||
| Yes | 1 141 (26%) | 21 (16%) | 0.006 | |
| Year of stay † | ||||
| 2003 | 767 (17%) | 8 (6%) | 0.0001 | |
| 2004 | 1 926 (44%) | 86 (66%) | >0.0001 | |
| 2005 | 1 288 (29%) | 29 (22%) | 0.04 | |
| 2006 | 419 (10%) | 8 (6%) | 0.12 | |
| Number of sites visited during the stay † | ||||
| <10 sites | 3 377 (77%) | 92 (70%) | ||
| ≥10 sites | 1 023 (23%) | 39 (30%) | 0.05 | |
| Average length of stay by site † | ||||
| <15 days | 1341(30%) | 41 (31%) | ||
| ≥15 days | 3 059 (70%) | 90 (69%) | 0.45 | |
| Characteristics of the sites of stay | ||||
| Cumulated precipitation (mm of water) * | 89 [67–122] | 96 [71–157] | 0.008 | |
| Mean Evapotranspiration (mm) * | 113 [105–123] | 111 [105–128,6] | 0.50 | |
| Mean Water balance (mm) * | −36 [(−)62 - (+)13] | −25 [(−)52 - (+)59] | 0.008 | |
| Mean Minimum temperature (Celsius) * | 20.3 [19.5-22.5] | 20.0 [18.9-21.1] | 0.0005 | |
| Mean temperature (Celsius) * | 27.5 [25.3-27.5] | 27.5 [25.2-27.5] | 0.21 | |
| Mean Maximum temperature (Celsius) * | 32.8 [31.5-35.5] | 32,9 [31.4-35.7] | 0.95 | |
| Mean number of Consecutive dry days § (in days/month) * | 3.2 [1.9 – 7.0] | 3.1 [1.1 – 6.3] | 0.004 | |
| Proportion of time spent in urban area * | 81 [23–100] | 64 [15 – 89] | 0.0007 | |
| NDVI mean (0 month of decay) * | 0.39 [0.29 – 0.53] | 0.39 [0.31 – 0.52] | 0.65 | |
| NDVI mean (1 month of decay) * | 0.38 [0.30 – 0.50] | 0.39 [0.30 – 0.52] | 0.44 | |
| NDVI mean (2 months of decay) * | 0.38 [0.31 – 0.49] | 0.41 [0.31 – 0.54] | 0.07 |