Figure 2

Parasite and bacteria co-infection in the rodent spleen. A. Plasmodium chabaudi – Salmonella typhimurium co-infection in the rodent spleen. Adapted from Yavada et al. [109]. The white pulp (periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) and B cell follicle) and the marginal zone (MZ) do not show atrophy and preserve their function. B. Leishmania donovani – Streptococcus pneumoniae co-infection in the rodent spleen. Adapted from Kirby et al. [110]. The white pulp and the MZ are notoriously atrophic, showing great amounts of macrophages with phagocytosed amastigotes of L. donovani. In the absence of MZ, S. pneumoniae localized in the red pulp (RP) where RP macrophages compensate the MZ dysfunction. CA: central arteriole; VS: venous sinuses; RBC: red blood cell; iRBC: infected RBC; MØ: macrophages; PC: plasma cells; DC: dendritic cells; MZ B cells: marginal zone B cells. The perifollicular zone (PFz) was not drawn in these Figures.