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Table 2 Factors associated with more than 7 days of hospital stay^ (Malaria cohort = 922)

From: Determinants of mortality, intensive care requirement and prolonged hospitalization in malaria – a tertiary care hospital based cohort study from South-Western India

Risk factors

>7 days hospitalization % (event/total number)

Odd ratio [95% confidence interval]*

P - value*

Adjusted odd ratio [95% confidence interval]*

P - value*

Species of infection $

Plasmodium vivax

12 (70/585)

Reference

 

Reference

 

Plasmodium falciparum

38.3 (121/316)

4.57 [3.26 - 6.40]

<0.001

3.15 [2.16 - 4.60]

<0.001

Age

Up to 40 years

18.4 (115/626)

Reference

  

Between 41–60 years

30.2 (75/248)

1.99 [1.41 - 2.81]

<0.001

  

More than 60 years

22.9 (11/48)

1.39 [0.69 - 2.81]

0.36

  

Gender

Male

20.8 (158/760)

1.37 [0.93 - 2.03]

0.11

  

Female

26.5 (43/162)

Reference

  

More than 3 days of fever

25.9 (165/638)

2.62 [1.74 - 3.95]

<0.001

2.12 [1.33 - 3.39]

0.002

Determinants of severity

Cerebral malaria

60 (15/25)

5.73 [2.53 - 12.95]

<0.001

  

Spontaneous bleeding

42.3 (30/71)

2.91 [ 1.76 - 4.79]

<0.001

  

Pulmonary oedema/ARDS

43.8 (28/64)

3.08 [1.83 - 5.18]

<0.001

  

Liver dysfunction

51.1 (24/47)

4.11 [2.27 - 7.45]

<0.001

  

Severe anaemia

50 (17/34)

3.81 [1.91 - 7.61]

<0.001

  

Haemoglobinuria

72 (18/25)

10.06 [4.14 - 24.45]

<0.001

4.69 [1.63 - 13.56]

0.004

Renal failure

62.5 (30/48)

7.26 [ 3.91 - 13.46]

<0.001

2.20 [1.06 - 4.55]

0.035

Respiratory distress

32.5 (13/40)

1.78 [0.90 - 3.51]

0.10

  

Metabolic acidosis

61.5 (8/13)

5.93 [1.92 - 18.32]

0.002

  

Hyperparasitaemia

40 (4/10)

2.42 [0.68 - 8.65]

0.18

  

Hypoglycaemia

0

#

#

#

#

Shock

54.5 (6/11)

4.40 [1.33 - 14.57]

0.02

4.88 [1.17 - 20.42]

0.03

Other abnormal lab parameters

Leucocytosis (≥11,000/mm3)

53.1 (26/49)

4.59 [2.54 - 8.30]

<0.001

2.29 [1.13 - 4.64]

0.02

Leucopaenia (≤4,000/mm3)

20.7 (35/169)

0.89 [0.59 - 1.34]

0.57

  

Severe thrombocytopaenia (≤40,000/mm3)

37.3 (76/204)

0.36 [0.25 - 0.51]

<0.001

1.93 [1.29 - 2.88]

0.001

  1. *Confidence intervals that do not overlap the null value of odds ratio = 1, and P-value <0.05 are shown in bold font.
  2. #Statistics could not be computed.
  3. ^Patients with mortality outcome were excluded from analysis.
  4. $Mixed infection was excluded due to insufficient cohort size.
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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