Table 4 Summary of promising anti-malarial steroids, lignans, other antiplasmodial compounds derived from African flora
Compound sub class | Isolated metabolites | Plant species (Family) | Part of plant studied | Place of harvest (City, Country) | Author, Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Steroids | 91 | Ajuga remota (Lamiaceae) | Aerial parts | Nairobi, Kenya | Kuria et al. [94] |
92, 93, 94, 95 and 96 | Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae) | Young pith of trees | Mahale Mt. National Park, Tanzania | Ohigashi et al. [95] | |
Lignanes | 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102 and 103 | Pycnanthus angolensis (Myristicaceae) | Stem bark | São Tomé and Príncipe islands | Ramalhete et al. [96] |
104 | Asparagus africanus (Asparagaceae) | Roots | Kenya | Oketch-Rabah et al. [97] | |
Others | 105 | Lippia javanica (Verbenaceae) | Leaves and stalks | Limpopo, South Africa | Ludere et al. [98] |
106 | Helichrysum cymosum (Asteraceae) | Whole plant | South Africa | Jakupovic et al. [99] | |
Vuuren et al.[100] | |||||
107, 108, 109 and 110 | Vernonia staehelinoides (Asteraceae) | Leaves | Magaliesburg, South Africa | Pillay et al. [101] | |
111 | Hypericum lanceolatum (Hypericaceae) | Stem bark | Mt. Bamboutos, Cameroon | Zofou et al. [90] | |
112 | Symphonia globulifera (Clusiaceae) | Seeds | Fundong, Cameroon | Ngouela et al. [92] | |
113 | Morus mesozygia (Moraceae) | Stem bark | Centre Province, Cameroon | Zelefack et al.[61] | |
114 and 115 | Kigelia africana (Bignoniaceae) | Stem bark | Bandjoun, Cameroon | ||
116 and 117 | Glossocalyx brevipes (Monimiaceae) | Leaves | Kumba, Cameroon | Mbah et al. [102] | |
118 | Asparagus africanus (Asparagaceae) | Roots | Kenya | Oketch-Rabah et al. [97] | |
119 | Dracaena mannii and Dracaena arborea (Dracaenaceae) | Seed pulp | Nigeria | Okunji et al. [103] |