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A phase 1 evaluation of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction of the antimalarial agents KAE609 and piperaquine (PPQ)
Malaria Journal volume 13, Article number: P85 (2014)
Background
KAE609, a spiroindolone, represents a new class of potent, fast-acting, schizonticidal antimalarials. Antimalarial combination treatment is recommended to minimize the potential emergence of resistance on clinical use. Piperaquine (PPQ) is a marketed, long acting antimalarial used in combination with short-acting artemisinins. As both KAE609 and PPQ are CYP3A4 substrates and inhibitors based on in vitro or clinical reports, a two way interaction was hypothesized. The potential for both agents to affect the QT interval was also assessed.
Materials and methods
This was an open-label, parallel-group, single-dose study in healthy volunteers randomized to four parallel dosing arms for five cohorts (2:2:2:2:1) of 75 mg KAE609 plus 320 mg PPQ, 25 mg KAE609 plus 1280 mg PPQ, 25 mg KAE609 alone, 320 mg PPQ alone or 1280 mg PPQ alone. Triplicate ECGs were done over the first 24 hours after dosing, with single ECGs at other time points. Routine safety and pharmacokinetic assessments were carried out up to 89 and 61 days respectively.
Results
Of the 110 healthy male subjects recruited, 99 completed the study. Co-administration of PPQ had no overall effect on exposure to KAE609, although 1280 mg PPQ decreased KAE609 Cmax by 17%. 25 mg KAE609 plus 1280 mg PPQ showed a 32% increase, while 75 mg KAE609 plus 320 mg PPQ showed a 14% reduction in PPQ AUCinf; the reasons for this are unclear. Mean changes from baseline in QTcF and QTcB with PPQ were consistent with the known effects of PPQ on QTc interval. PPQ but not KAE609 exposure correlated with QTc increase. Also, KAE609 did not affect the PPQ exposure-QTc relationship. The QTcF effect for PPQ (mean maximal change from baseline LS estimate of difference 7.47 msec; 90% CI 3.55, 11.4) was consistent with a positive thorough QT study (ICHE14, mean maximal effect ≥5 msec and upper 95% CI ≥10 msec). No subject had a QTcF or QTcB >500 msec. Most adverse events (AEs) reported were mild; upper respiratory tract infections, headache, diarrhea and oropharyngeal pain were most commonly reported. There were no deaths, serious AEs or severe AEs.
Conclusions
PPQ and KAE609 co-administration had no clinically relevant effect on exposure to either agent. KAE609 had no effect and did not potentiate the known effects of PPQ on cardiac conduction. Both drugs administered alone or in combination were well tolerated.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
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Stein, D.S., Jain, J.P., Lickliter, J. et al. A phase 1 evaluation of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction of the antimalarial agents KAE609 and piperaquine (PPQ). Malar J 13 (Suppl 1), P85 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-S1-P85
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-13-S1-P85
Keywords
- Diarrhea
- Relevant Effect
- Cardiac Conduction
- Healthy Male Subject
- CYP3A4 Substrate