Figure 5

P-value distributions for mefloquine and theoretical null data sets and threshold trend-lines for the various P-value filtering methods. The section of the null P-value distribution below the intersections with the various P-value threshold lines represents the relative likelihood of generating false positive results. The section of the mefloquine P-value distribution below the intersections with the various P-value threshold lines represents the relative likelihood of detecting differentially expressed genes. The Holm-Bonferroni procedure fails to detect genes significantly altered by mefloquine, but has a low false positive rate. The use of the traditional P < 0.05 filter will detect all differentially expressed genes but will inevitably be associated with a high false positive rate. The two reverse Holm procedures detected most differentially expressed genes and are associated with much lower false positive error rates than the traditional P < 0.05 filter.