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Table 1 Associations between dhfr and crt mutations in 126 Ghanaian children with uncomplicated malaria

From: Concurrence of Plasmodium falciparum dhfr and crt mutations in northern Ghana

dhfr mutation

Prevalence of crt T76 mutation (%)

Odds ratio (95%CI) of crt T76 being present

  

Unadjusted

P

Adjusted for CQ in blood*

P

51

   absent

67.9 (38/56)

1

 

1

 

   present

90.0 (63/70)

4.3 (1.5–12.5)

0.002

5.0 (1.8–13.8)

0.002

59

   absent

63.6 (28/44)

1

 

1

 

   present

89.0 (73/82)

4.6 (1.7–13.0)

0.0007

4.4 (1.7–11.4)

0.002

108

   absent

65.7 (23/35)

1

 

1

 

   present

85.7 (78/91)

3.1 (1.2–8.6)

0.01

3.2 (1.2–8.2)

0.02

triple

   absent

68.7 (46/67)

1

 

1

 

   present

93.2 (55/59)

6.3 (1.9–26.6)

0.0006

7.0 (2.2–22.5)

0.001

  1. dhfr, dihydrofolate reductase gene, crt, chloroquine resistance transporter gene; 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; CQ, chloroquine; *, Potential confounders were tested for in logistic regression models including age, sex, parasite density, dhps alleles, and axillary temperature. Adjusted odds ratios include the presence of chloroquine in blood as the only factor found to be associated (univariate odds ratio, 3.2; 95%CI, 1.2–8.6; P = 0.01).