Table 4 Prevalences of low birth weight, preterm delivery, and maternal anaemia according to diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum

Peripheral blood

Microscopy

   Negative

680

15.8

18.4

32.9

   Positive

159

17.0

1.1 (0.7–1.8)

ns

20.3

1.1 (0.7–1.8)

ns

44.7

1.6 (1.1–2.4)

0.005

HRP2 test

   Negative

553

14.3

16.5

29.5

   Positive

286

19.4

1.4 (1.0–2.1)

0.06

23.1

1.5 (1.1–2.2)

0.02

46.2

2.1 (1.5–2.8)

<0.0001

PCR

   Negative

395

14.2

17.9

25.6

   Positive

444

17.6

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

ns

19.6

1.1 (0.8–1.6)

ns

43.7

2.3 (1.7–3.1)

<0.0001

HRP2 test if microscopy negative

   Negative

542

14.2

16.5

29.3

   Positive

138

21.9

1.7 (1.0–2.8)

0.03

26.1

1.8 (1.1–2.9)

0.01

47.1

2.1 (1.4–3.2)

<0.0001

PCR if microscopy negative

   Negative

394

14.2

17.9

25.6

   Positive

286

17.9

1.3 (0.9–2.0)

ns

19.1

1.1 (0.7–1.6)

ns

43.0

2.2 (1.6–3.1)

<0.0001

Placental blood

Microscopy

   Negative

546

14.3

17.7

28.8

   Positive

293

19.2

1.4 (1.0–2.1)

0.07

20.8

1.2 (0.8–1.8)

ns

47.1

2.2 (1.6–3.0)

<0.0001

Haemozoin

   Negative

580

13.6

16.5

27.8

   Positive

259

21.3

1.7 (1.2–2.6)

0.005

23.9

1.6 (1.1–2.3)

0.01

51.7

2.8 (2.0–3.8)

<0.0001

HRP2 test

   Negative

497

12.9

16.0

27.0

   Positive

342

20.5

1.8 (1.2–2.6)

0.003

22.8

1.6 (1.1–2.2)

0.01

47.1

2.4 (1.8–3.3)

<0.0001

PCR

   Negative

341

13.5

17.5

23.8

   Positive

498

17.7

1.4 (0.9–2.1)

ns

19.7

1.2 (0.8–1.7)

ns

43.0

2.4 (1.8–3.3)

<0.0001

Stage of infection

   None

482

13.5

16.7

27.0

   Resolved

64

20.3

1.6 (0.8–3.3)

ns

25.0

1.7 (0.9–3.2)

ns

42.2

2.0 (1.1–3.5)

0.01

   Late

195

21.6

1.8 (1.1–2.8)

0.009

23.6

1.5 (1.0–2.4)

0.04

54.9

3.3 (2.3–4.7)

<0.0001

   Early

98

14.3

1.1 (0.6–2.1)

ns

15.5

0.9 (0.5–1.7)

ns

31.6

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

ns