Table 2 Net Use among Children Less than 5, Central & Eastern Regions, Ghana 2004
From: Who sleeps under bednets in Ghana? A doer/non-doer analysis of malaria prevention behaviours
| Characteristic | Doers | Non-Doers | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 97 | % | n = 803 | % | ||
| Respondent's age | .2452 | ||||
| 15–24 | 17 | 17.5 | 149 | 18.6 | |
| 25–34 | 50 | 51.6 | 358 | 44.6 | |
| 35–44 | 27 | 27.8 | 228 | 28.4 | |
| 45–49 | 3 | 3.1 | 68 | 8.5 | |
| Live in Eastern region | 80 | 82.5 | 375 | 46.7 | <.0001 |
| Belong to a credit association | 41 | 42.3 | 386 | 48.1 | .2798 |
| Highest level of schooling attended | .2406 | ||||
| No school | 19 | 19.8 | 143 | 17.9 | |
| Primary | 26 | 27.1 | 185 | 23.2 | |
| Junior secondary/middle | 41 | 42.7 | 419 | 52.4 | |
| Senior secondary/vocational/higher | 10 | 10.4 | 52 | 6.5 | |
| Household size | .2192 | ||||
| 1–3 | 16 | 16.5 | 110 | 13.7 | |
| 4–5 | 29 | 29.9 | 299 | 37.2 | |
| 6–7 | 38 | 39.2 | 247 | 30.8 | |
| 8 or more | 14 | 14.4 | 147 | 18.3 | |
| Religion | .6839 | ||||
| Christian | 88 | 90.7 | 707 | 89.4 | |
| Muslim/other | 9 | 9.3 | 84 | 10.6 | |
| Water supply | .0174 | ||||
| Piped in/covered well in yard | 2 | 2.1 | 29 | 3.6 | |
| Public tap/borehole | 67 | 69.1 | 635 | 79.2 | |
| Open water source | 28 | 28.9 | 138 | 17.2 | |
| Toilet facility | .0015 | ||||
| Public latrine | 42 | 43.3 | 472 | 59.1 | |
| Private toilet/latrine | 34 | 35.1 | 241 | 30.2 | |
| Bush | 21 | 21.7 | 86 | 10.8 | |
| Received antenatal care during last pregnancy | 95 | 97.9 | 776 | 97.6 | .8405 |
| Received professional antenatal care during last pregnancy | 93 | 97.9 | 758 | 97.7 | .8953 |
| Food security | .0324 | ||||
| Food secure | 63 | 66.3 | 432 | 55.4 | |
| Food insecure without hunger | 20 | 21.1 | 158 | 20.3 | |
| Food insecure with hunger | 12 | 12.6 | 190 | 24.4 | |
| Believe mosquito bites cause malaria | 94 | 96.9 | 765 | 95.3 | .6109* |
| Believe staying in the sun too long causes malaria | 36 | 37.1 | 343 | 42.7 | .2912 |
| Believe working too close to fire causes malaria | 14 | 14.4 | 118 | 14.7 | .9451 |
| Believe overworking yourself causes malaria | 20 | 20.6 | 99 | 12.3 | .0228 |
| Believe in spiritual/superstitious causes of malaria | 2 | 2.1 | 16 | 2.0 | .9633 |
| Believe in other causes of malaria | 19 | 19.6 | 163 | 20.3 | .8692 |
| Do not know what causes malaria | 1 | 1.0 | 13 | 1.6 | .6585 |
| Believe in the correct cause of malaria (mosquito bites only) | 22 | 22.7 | 247 | 30.9 | .0962 |
| Believe sleeping under an ITN is protective against malaria | 87 | 89.7 | 618 | 77.0 | .0040 |
| Believe mosquito coils are protective against malaria | 48 | 49.5 | 490 | 61.0 | .0286 |
| Believe clearing bushes around the house is protective against malaria | 56 | 57.7 | 387 | 48.2 | .0759 |
| Believe wearing clothes to cover the body is protective against malaria | 7 | 7.2 | 72 | 9.0 | .5651 |
| Believe disturbing mosquito hiding places is protective against malaria | 8 | 8.3 | 65 | 8.1 | .9585 |
| Believe in other protective methods against malaria | 8 | 8.3 | 132 | 16.4 | .0355 |
| Do not know protective methods against malaria | 2 | 2.1 | 19 | 2.4 | .8513 |
| Believe that the best way to prevent malaria is: | .0042 | ||||
| Using an ITN | 88 | 90.7 | 613 | 76.6 | |
| Other good alternatives | 4 | 4.1 | 125 | 15.6 | |
| Don't know | 5 | 5.2 | 62 | 7.8 | |
| Believe fever is a sign/symptom of malaria | 70 | 72.2 | 555 | 69.1 | .5380 |
| Believe vomiting is a sign/symptom of malaria | 62 | 63.9 | 449 | 55.9 | .1329 |
| Believe yellowish/dark urine is a sign/symptom of malaria | 39 | 40.2 | 407 | 50.7 | .0512 |
| Believe a lack of appetite is a sign/symptom of malaria | 45 | 46.4 | 314 | 39.1 | .1661 |
| Believe chills is a sign/symptom of malaria | 17 | 17.5 | 175 | 21.8 | .3325 |
| Believe diarrhoea is a sign/symptom of malaria | 8 | 8.3 | 114 | 14.2 | .1059 |
| Believe headache is a sign/symptom of malaria | 8 | 8.3 | 113 | 14.1 | .1122 |
| Believe joint pain or bone pain is a sign/symptom of malaria | 11 | 11.3 | 96 | 12.0 | .8597 |
| Believe dizziness is a sign/symptom of malaria | 3 | 3.1 | 70 | 8.7 | .0731* |
| Believe constipation is a sign/symptom of malaria | 2 | 2.1 | 23 | 2.9 | .6497 |
| Believe in other signs/symptoms of malaria | 11 | 11.3 | 123 | 15.3 | .2986 |
| Believe that a child with fever needs to complete a full course of treatment even if his conditions improve | 87 | 89.7 | 632 | 79.3 | .0149 |
| Believe that children <5 are most vulnerable to malaria | 82 | 84.5 | 694 | 86.4 | .6100 |
| Believe that children 6–14 years old are most vulnerable to malaria | 11 | 11.3 | 108 | 13.5 | .5624 |
| Believe that pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria | 55 | 56.7 | 470 | 58.5 | .7299 |
| Believe that women of reproductive age (15–49) are most vulnerable to malaria | 9 | 9.3 | 70 | 8.7 | .8537 |
| Believe that adolescent boys (15–18 yrs) are most vulnerable to malaria | 3 | 3.1 | 44 | 5.5 | .4674* |
| Believe that adult males (above 18 yrs) are most vulnerable to malaria | 16 | 16.5 | 60 | 7.5 | .0025 |
| Believe that everyone is most vulnerable to malaria | 24 | 24.7 | 115 | 14.3 | .0073 |
| Do not know who is most vulnerable to malaria | 1 | 1.0 | 17 | 2.1 | .7104* |
| Believe that only children <5 years are most vulnerable to malaria | 9 | 9.3 | 133 | 16.6 | .0630 |
| Believe that only pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria | 1 | 1.0 | 22 | 2.7 | .4998* |
| Believe that only children <5 and pregnant women are most vulnerable to malaria | 21 | 21.7 | 216 | 26.9 | .2675 |
| Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage/abortion | 63 | 65.0 | 494 | 61.5 | .5113 |
| Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to death | 57 | 58.8 | 477 | 59.4 | .9036 |
| Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to premature delivery | 35 | 36.1 | 286 | 35.6 | .9279 |
| Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to anaemia | 13 | 13.4 | 152 | 18.9 | .1839 |
| Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to profuse bleeding | 13 | 13.4 | 123 | 15.3 | .6188 |
| Believe that malaria during pregnancy can lead to something else | 4 | 4.1 | 35 | 4.4 | .9145 |
| Do not know any consequences of malaria during pregnancy | 6 | 6.2 | 22 | 2.7 | .1099* |
| Believe that starting antenatal care once pregnant is protective against malaria during pregnancy | 63 | 65.0 | 542 | 67.5 | .6135 |
| Believe that sleeping under an ITN is protective against malaria during pregnancy | 53 | 54.6 | 363 | 45.2 | .0784 |
| Believe that eating good food/a balanced diet is protective against malaria during pregnancy | 43 | 44.3 | 372 | 46.3 | .7095 |
| Believe that keeping surroundings clean is protective against malaria during pregnancy | 40 | 41.2 | 232 | 28.9 | .0124 |
| Believe that taking antimalarials as directed is protective against malaria during pregnancy | 15 | 15.5 | 155 | 19.3 | .3616 |
| Believe that treating worm infestations is protective against malaria during pregnancy | 3 | 3.1 | 41 | 5.1 | .6154* |
| Believe that something else is protective against malaria during pregnancy | 4 | 4.1 | 82 | 10.2 | .0653* |
| Do not know of any ways to protect against malaria during pregnancy | 4 | 4.1 | 10 | 1.3 | .0544* |
| Believe that pregnant women can have malaria without knowing or showing signs of it | 46 | 47.9 | 413 | 52.5 | .3915 |