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Table 2 Number of households visited, prevalence of illnesses, use of OTC antimalarials and malaria parasite prevalence (%: 95% CI)

From: Use of over-the-counter malaria medicines in children and adults in three districts in Kenya: implications for private medicine retailer interventions

 

Busia

Kwale

Makueni

All districts

P values *

Households visited

4017

4174

4254

12 445

-

Children under 5 years

Number interviewed

3451

4081

3973

11 505

-

Recent fever

1437/3451

(41.7: 39.5, 43.9)

1770/4081

(43.3: 41.5, 45.2)

1216/3973

(30.8: 28.7, 33.0)

4423/11 505

(29.0: 28.1, 29.8)

<0.001

Fevers first treated with OTC medicines†

540/1437

(37.6: 35.1, 40.1)

898/1770

(50.7: 48.3, 53.1)

641/1216

(52.7: 49.8, 55.5)

2079/4423

(47.0: 45.5, 48.5)

<0.001

OTC users taking an AM‡

237/519

(45.7: 41.3, 50.1)

147/898

(16.3: 13.9, 18.9)

83/638

(13.3: 9.5, 17.9)

467/2057

(22.7: 20.9, 24.6)

<0.001

OTC SP users taking adequate dose§

68/141

(48.3: 37.9, 58.8)

19/39

(48.6: 32.5, 64.9)

11/31

(40.4: 19.0, 66.3)

98/211

(46.4: 39.5, 53.4)

0.415

OTC AQ users taking adequate dose

16/112

(14.2: 8.7, 22.2)

5/56

(9.1: 4.0, 19.5)

3/31

(10.7: 3.4, 28.9)

24/98

(12.1: 16.3, 34.2)

0.547

Rapid malaria test positive

805/971

(82.8: 79.0, 86.1)

695/963

(71.1: 64.4, 76.9)

34/980

(3.2: 2.1, 4.8)

1534/2914

(52.6: 50.8, 54.4)

<0.001

Adults

Number Interviewed∥

6198

6750

6966

19 914

-

Recent illness**

1027/6198

(16.6: 14.4, 19.0)

1805/6750

(26.7: 24.9, 28.6)

1268/6966

(18.2: 17.1, 19.4)

4098/19 914

(20.6: 20.0, 21.1)

<0.001

First treated with OTC medicines

472/1027

(46.0: 42.8, 49.1)

1103/1805

(61.1: 58.8, 63.3)

753/126510

(59.5: 56.7, 62.2)

2328/4097

(56.8: 55.2, 58.3)

<0.001

OTC users taking an AM

Not collected††

291/1081

(26.9: 21.3, 33.5)

384/745

(53.3: 48.6, 57.9)

675/1826

(36.9: 34.7, 39.2)

<0.001

OTC SP users taking adequate dose

80/102

(78.3: 68.4, 85.8)

75/95

(79.4: 68.3, 87.3)

157/179

(87.7: 81.5, 92.0)

312/376

(83.8: 78.7, 86.6)

0.07

OTC AQ users taking adequate dose

2/44

(4.4: 1.1, 16.6)

0/148

5/174

(2.4: 0.9, 6.0)

7/336

(1.9: 0.8, 4.2)

0.07

  1. *. Chi-square test of association for differences between districts
  2. †. Includes episodes where the individual was visited 3 days or more after treatment begun to exclude part courses of amodioquine (also see methods); OTC medicines includes those bought from general shops, chemists or mobile vendors and those kept at home from. 2. All adults available in the home at the time of visit
  3. ‡ There were 21 episodes in Busia and 3 in Makueni where OTC medicine could not be identified
  4. §. Adequate dosage is according to MOH recommendations (see table 3 and 4): over dosage occurs when more and under dosage when less than the recommended amount of the drug is given
  5. ∥ All adults available in the home at the time of visit
  6. **. In Busia, the frequency refers to the number of adults reported "perceived malaria" whereas in Kwale and Makueni this represents the number of adults with a recent acute illness of any type, excluding trauma.
  7. †† Data on the proportion of acute illnesses in adults where an AM was used was not collected in Busia.
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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