Table 1 Assumptions on malaria incidence rates, parasite density, and effects of HIV-1, sub-Saharan Africa*
| Â | Age group | ||
|---|---|---|---|
HIV-negative persons and HIV-infected persons with CD4 ≥ 500/μl | < 5 years | 5–14 years | ≥ 15 years |
Incidence of symptomatic malaria (per person-year) low/high endemicity[10] | Â | Â | Â |
   Rural | 0.18/1.4 | 0.18/0.59 | 0.09/0.11 |
   Urban | 0.09/0.18 | 0.091/0.18 | 0.046/0.09 |
Proportion of symptomatic episodes with hyperparasitaemia (includes severe malaria): low endemic and high endemic urban areas/high endemic rural areas | 4.0%/4.0% | 4.0%/1.5% | 4.0%/1.5% |
Geometric mean parasite density (/μL) in uncomplicated malaria: low endemic and high endemic urban areas/high endemic rural areas [13] | 30,000/30,000 | 25,000/20,000 | 20,000/15,000 |
Geometric mean parasite density (/μL) in severe malaria (all age groups and endemicities) [20] | 458 000 | ||
Proportion of HIV-1 patients [6] | with CD4<200/μl | CD4 200–499/μL |  |
Stabilized HIV epidemic | 37% | 25% | Â |
Rising HIV epidemic (e.g.Madagascar) | 22% | 15% | Â |
Relative change in HIV infection | with CD4<200/μl | CD4 200–499/μL |  |
Relative risk of symptomatic malaria incidence (all age groups and endemicities) [1, 21–24] | 5.0 | 3.0 |  |
Relative parasite density in symptomatic malaria (all age groups and endemicities) (Table 2) | 3.0 | 1.5 | Â |
Relative risk of progression to severe malaria (all age groups and endemicities) [16, 25, 26] | 15.0 | 6 | Â |
Relative parasite density during severe malaria (all age groups and endemicities) | 1.0 | 1.0 | Â |