Table 4 Monitoring and evaluation indicators, tools and assessment methods: programmatic indicators.

1. Identification of high risk individuals

Proportion of adolescent ANC attendees

>80% of adolescents attending ANC

Health facility assessments

Strategies for delaying pregnancies

Proportion of primigravidae with late ANC attendance

< 10% attendees

Health facility assessment

Reasons for late attendance

Distance indicators of household residence from main health facility

Identification of high risk areas

Household surveys

Community SP-IPTp distribution

Antenatal HIV infection

Prevalence reduction

Mother to child HIV transmission assessments

Implementation of HIV prevention strategies

2. Antimalarial drug efficacy estimates

Antimalarial therapeutic efficacy

Agreed surveillance interval (2–5 years)

Antimalarial in vivo sensitivity tests

Comparative drug evaluations

Proportional reduction in parasitaemia between first antenatal visit and delivery

New indicator

Health facility prevalence estimate

Comparison with birthweight or anaemia outcomes

Proportion of women with placental infection who have received two SP-IPTp doses

Assessment in sentinel health facilities

Case-coverage methodology for determining SP-ITPp efficacy

Comparison of case-coverage efficacy estimates method with in vivo tests

Antimalarial post-treatment prophylaxis

Agreed surveillance interval (2–5 years)

Antimalarial prophylactic efficacy tests

Evaluation in aparasitaemic women on IPTp

3. Safety indicators

Inadvertent antimalarial drug exposure in first trimester

No exposures in asymptomatic women

Cross-sectional household/health facility surveys

Prevalence estimates and associated pregnancy outcomes

Assessment of safety indicators via national and international antimalarial exposure registry

Establishing functional registry

Standardized protocol under development by WHO

Demonstration sites; new methods for drug exposure, ascertainment, congenital anomaly detection