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Table 8 Abiotic and biotic characteristics of six habitat types surveyed for insect emergence (values represent means (95% CI) of all sampling events during the rainy season 2005)

From: Identifying the most productive breeding sites for malaria mosquitoes in The Gambia

 

Water temperature (°C)

Conductivity (μS/cm)

Turbidity (NTU)

Chironomida/m2/week

Odonata & Coleoptera/m2/week

Diversity

Index

Frequency of algae present in habitat (%)

Pools

33.2

(31.1–35.5)c

323

(227–874)a

204

(97–310)a,b

166

(125–212)a,b

1.18

(0.99–1.38)a

0.5

(0.44–0.56)a

69.9

Rice close to upland

28.9

(25.8–32.0)a,b

3138

(1990–4286)b

316

(133–500)a

334

(231–439)a

1.11

(0.90–1.32)a

0.36

(0.31–0.42)b

61.6

Rice far from upland

30.0

(28.0–32.0)b,c

2502

(915–4088)a,b

206

(108–305)a,b

58

(38–79)c

0.32

(0.21–0.44)b

0.40

(0.35–0.44)a,b

18.5

Edge floodwater

27.6

(25.9–29.4)a,b

2064

(1608–2519)a,b

76

(40–111)b

105

(75–134)b,c

0.31

(0.20–0.41)b

0.32

(0.28–0.35)b

21.7

River floodwater

28.7

(27.1–30.3)a,b

1472

(926–2019)a,b

72

(38–105)b

59

(46–70)c

0.21

(0.09–0.32)b

0.35

(0.31–0.38)b

10.9

Stream fringes

25.7

(23.8–27.5)a

7199

(5618–8778)c

102

(59–144)b

149

(117–181)a,b

0.41

(0.31–0.51)b

0.33

(0.29–0.37)b

47.4

ANOVA/χ2

F(2,125) =

6.672,

p < 0.001

F(5,119) =

20.65,

p < 0.001

F(5,103) =

4.627,

p = 0.001

F(5,709) =

12.735,

p < 0.001

F(5,709) =

35.205,

p < 0.001

F(5,709) =

8.090,

p < 0.001

χ2 = 151.1, df = 5,

p < 0.001

  1. Different letters indicate significance (p < 0.05) based on Gabriel post-hoc test for ANOVA, insect density was log transformed;
  2. Chi2 test was used for comparing the proportion of time algae were found in a habitat type