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Table 1 Patient characteristics at initial presentation

From: Hyponatraemia in imported malaria is common and associated with disease severity

 

Severe P. falciparum

(n = 35)

Non-severe P. falciparum

(n = 280)

Non-falciparum

(n = 131)

P-value*

Demographics

    

   Age, years

44 (4 - 70)

39 (4 - 78)

35.5 (8 - 77)

0.007B

   Male, female, n (%)

21 (58), 14 (42)

202 (72), 78 (28)

87 (66), 44 (34)

N.S.

Vital signs on admisson

    

   Body temperature, °C

38.2 (36.2 - 41.2)

38.6 (35.7 - 41.0)

38.6 (35.0 - 41.5)

N.S.

   Pulse rate, beats per minute

101 (50 - 150)

92 (45 - 150)

89 (58 - 138)

0.02A

   Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg†

115 (80 - 160)

120 (80 - 90)

120 (70 - 196)

N.T.

   GCS < 11, n (%)†

3 (9)

0 (0)

0 (0)

N.T.

Laboratory data on admission

    

   C-reactive protein, mg/L

184 (91 - 265)

77 (5 - 320)

71 (8 - 213)

< 0.0001A

   Haematocrit, L/L†

0.35 (0.17 - 0.51)

0.40 (0.19 - 0.54)

0.38 (0.22 - 0.53)

N.T.

   Leucocyte count, × 109/L

7.1 (3.2 - 18.5)

4.9 (1.3 - 13.2)

5.3 (1.9 - 15.3)

< 0.0001A

   Thrombocytes, × 109/L

36 (3 - 188)

98 (11 - 433)

94 (10 - 292)

< 0.0001A

   Serum sodium, mmol/L

130 (115 - 146)

135 (119 - 145)

136 (124 - 148)

< 0.0001A

   Serum potassium, mmol/L

3.7 (2.7 - 4.7)

3.8 (2.5 - 5.1)

3.8 (2.7 - 5.4)

N.S.

   Serum creatinine, μmol/L†

114 (48 - 871)

94 (41 - 228)

87 (46 - 477)

N.T.

   Serum glucose, mmol/L

6.3 (4.1 - 12.5)

6.6 (4.4 - 33.8)

6.4 (4.7 - 22.1)

N.S.

   Total bilirubin, μmol/L†

53 (15 - 416)

21 (4 - 262)

21.5 (3 - 91)

N.T.

   Alanine-aminotransferase, U/L

58 (11 - 655)

35 (3 - 265)

31 (6 - 198)

0.001A

   Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

890 (308 - 4113)

455 (224 - 2724)

428 (185 - 1395)

< 0.0001A

   Plasma lactate (mmol/L)

2,3 (1,2 - 5,8)

1,4 (0,5 - 4,4)

1,3 (0,7 - 3,0)

< 0.001B

   Parasite load (trophozoites/μL)†

239,200 (520 - 1,110000)

5300 (2 - 385,000)

N/A

N.T.

Duration hospitalisation, days

8 (3 - 19)

5 (1 - 16)

2 (1 - 11)

< 0.0001A+C

  1. * Using Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn's post-hoc tests. Parameters that are included in the modified WHO severity criteria for severe falciparum malaria (indicated by † [12]) were not tested (N.T.). N.S. denotes 'not significant'.
  2. A group 1 vs. group 3; B group 1 vs. groups 2 and 3; C group 2 vs. group 3
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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