Table 3 Sample characteristics
| Â | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N | n (%)* | N | n (%)* | N | n (%)* |
Age group | 154 | Â | 153 | Â | 127 | Â |
   Under 5 years |  | 81 (52.6%) |  | 76 (49.7%) |  | 50 (39.4%) |
   Over 5 years |  | 73 (47.4%) |  | 77 (50.3%) |  | 77 (60.6%) |
Sex | 154 | Â | 153 | Â | 127 | Â |
   Male |  | 71 (46.1%) |  | 63 (41.2%) |  | 54 (42.5%) |
   Female |  | 83 (53.9%) |  | 90 (58.8%) |  | 73 (57.4%) |
Residence | 154 | Â | 153 | Â | 153 | Â |
   Ulanga DSS |  | 61 (39.6%) |  | 41 (26.8%) |  | 40 (31.5%) |
   Kilombero DSS |  | 49 (31.8%) |  | 62 (40.5%) |  | 46 (36.2%) |
   Ifakara |  | 44 (28.6%) |  | 50 (32.7%) |  | 41 (32.3%) |
Religion* | 154 | Â | 152 | Â | 125 | Â |
   Muslim |  | 63 (40.9%) |  | 51 (33.5%) |  | 50 (40.0%) |
   Christian |  | 91 (59.1%) |  | 101 (66.4%) |  | 75 (60.0%) |
Years of formal education** | 137 | Â | 150 | Â | 125 | Â |
   < 7 years |  | 56 (40.9%) |  | 45 (30.0%) |  | 38 (30.4%) |
   = 7 years |  | 70 (51.1%) |  | 99 (66.0%) |  | 80 (64.0%) |
   > 7 year |  | 11 (8.0%) |  | 6 (4.0%) |  | 7 (5.6%) |
SES score *** | 107 | Â | 96 | Â | 81 | Â |
   Poorest |  | 20 (18.7%) |  | 6 (6.3%) |  | 10 (12.4%) |
   Middle |  | 63 (58.9%) |  | 62 (64.6%) |  | 52 (64.2%) |
   Richest |  | 24 (22.4%) |  | 28 (29.2%) |  | 19 (23.5%) |
SES score *** [mean (SD)] | 107 | 0.09 (1.53) | 96 | 0.41 (1.28) | 81 | 0.44 (1.45) |
Distance to nearest health facility (km) *** [median (IQR)] | 105 | 1.69 (2.74) | 100 | 1.67 (3.43) | 73 | 2.25 (3.83) |
Distance to nearest Part II or ADDO drug shop (km) *** [median (IQR)] | 105 | 1.70 (4.13) | 100 | 1.79 (3.30) | 73 | 2.49 (1.94) |