Immunoglobulin GM 3 23 5,13,14 phenotype is strongly associated with IgG1 antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate antigens PvMSP1-19 and PvAMA-1

Table 1 GM/KM phenotypes in relation to IgG subclass-specific antibodies to PvMSP1-19 in subjects exposed to malaria

Phenotypes (Number of subjects)	Antibody levels (Reactivity Index) (Median, Interquartile range)
	IgG1	IgG2	IgG3	IgG4
GM 1,2,17 21 (9)	0.63(0.01-2.67)	0.05(0.01-0.21)	0.35(0.01-1.53)	0.01(0.01-0.18)
GM 1,17 5,13,14,21 (15)	0.87(0.55-1.97)	0.29(0.01-0.82)	1.66(0.01-6.31)	0.44(0.01-0.58)
GM 1,2,3,17 23 5,13,14,21 (13)	2.65(0.32-4.26)	0.33(0.01-0.46)	3.17(0.44-5.25)	0.11(0.01-0.48)
GM 1,3,17 23 5,13,14,21 (28)	0.76(0.01-3.57)	0.11(0.00-0.40)	^d0.15(0.01-2.74)	0.09(0.01-0.52)
GM 1,3,17 23 5,6,13,14 (10)	1.88(1.49-3.37)	0.16(0.02-0.50)	0.47(0.02-2.40)	0.09(0.01-0.23)
GM 1,3,17 5,13,14,21 (18)	2.55(0.21-4.07)	0.31(0.06-1.54)	1.68(0.01-4.46)	^f0.30(0.01-0.99)
GM 3 23 5,13,14 (20)	^b3.60(1.89-4.71)	0.16(0.03-1.25)	2.49(0.25-5.81)	0.08(0.01-0.58)
^aOther GM (71)	2.27(0.25-3.31)	0.28(0.01-0.67)	1.44(0.08-5.06)	0.17(0.01-0.43)
KM 1 (9)	1.18(0.01-2.44)	^c0.02(0.01-0.16)	^e0.01(0.01-2.35)	0.01(0.01-0.46)
KM 1,3 (68)	1.75(0.53-3.48)	0.18(0.00-0.64)	1.44(0.13-5.81)	0.19(0.01-0.56)
KM 3 (107)	2.32(0.18-3.86)	0.22(0.01-0.68)	1.53(0.06-3.83)	0.13(0.01-0.40)

^aOther GM [(GM 1,17 21 (n = 5), GM 1,17 5,6,14,21 (n = 5), GM 3 5,13,14 (n = 4), GM 1,17 13,21 (n = 5), GM 1,17 6,14,21 (n = 1), GM 1,2,17 13,21 (n = 4), GM 1,2,17 13,14,21 (n = 2), GM 1,3,17 13,14,21 (n = 1), GM 1,17 23 5,13,14,21 (n = 1), GM 1,17 5,6,13,14 (n = 4), GM 1,17 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 4), GM 1,17 5,14,21 (n = 2), GM 1,2,17 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 1), GM 1,2,17 5,6,14,21 (n = 4), GM 1,2,17 5,6,21 (n = 2), GM 1,2,3,17 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 1), GM 1,3,17 23 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 5), GM 1,3,17 5,13,14 (n = 4), GM 1,3,17 5,6,13,14 (n = 5), GM 1,3,17 5,6,13,14,21 (n = 3), GM 1,2,17 5,13,14,21 (n = 3), GM 1,2,3,17 5,13,14,21 (n = 5)]
^bsignificantly higher (P = 0.004), ^csignificantly lower (P = 0.031), ^dsignificantly lower (P = 0.051),
^esignificantly lower (P = 0.027), ^fsignificantly higher (P = 0.002), (obtained by Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) compared with the rest of the GM phenotypes.

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