Figure 1

Surface-reactive antibodies to single-variant culture of VarO-IE. Plasma samples were obtained from healthy adults (HA, n = 30) and children with asymptomatic P. falciparum infection (AP, n = 52), uncomplicated (UM, n = 37) or severe (SM, n = 65) malaria. For each child, antibodies (total IgG) reacting with the surface of live VarO-IE were analyzed by S-IFA and flow cytometry. Results are expressed in arbitrary units (AU, see Materials and Methods). (A) Prevalence (95% CI) of surface-reactive antibodies to VarO parasites in the four groups of individuals: HA, AP, UM or SM. (B) Surface reactivity levels in HA, AP, UM or SM children. Box-whisker plots illustrate medians with 25^th and 75^th percentiles, and whiskers for 10^th and 90^th percentiles. The outlying dots indicate values exceeding the 90^th and 10^th percentiles. The P values were estimated using the χ² test (A) and the nonparametric Man-Whitney U- test (B). ***, P < 0.0001.