Covariates | Bivariate non-spatial | Multivariate non-spatial | Prediction model | Spatial P-spline model |
---|---|---|---|---|
 | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) |
Day LST | 0.49 (0.43, 0.57) | 0.65 (0.37, 1.15) | 0.61 (0.32, 1.17) | * |
Night LST | 1.23 (1.09, 1.40) | 1.21 (0.77, 1.88) | 1.18 (0.79, 1.77) | * |
NDVI | 2.25 (1.90, 2.66) | 1.28 (0.67, 2.73) | 1.29 (0.66, 2.77) | * |
Rainfall | 1.56 (1.37, 1.76) | 1.21 (0.85, 1.68) | 1.18 (0.80, 1.73) | * |
Land cover covariates | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Wetland | 1.20 (1.07, 1.34) | 0.97 (0.62, 1.55) | 0.98 (0.67, 1.48) | 0.72 (0.40, 1.37) |
   Forest | 0.96 (0.84, 1.10) | 0.72 (0.43, 1.08) | 0.72 (0.43, 1.10) | 0.64 (0.38, 0.99) |
   Urban | 0.35 (0.25, 0.50) | 0.70 (0.38, 1.21) | 0.71 (0.37, 1.29) | 0.75 (0.33, 1.48) |
   Shrubland | 1.06 (0.94, 1.20) | 1.07 (0.76, 1.53) | 1.05 (0.71, 1.47) | 1.07 (0.72, 1.53) |
   Region (rural) |  |  |  |  |
   urban | 0.17 (0.11, 0.25) | 0.53 (0.14, 2.03) | 0.37 (0.11, 1.13) | 0.43 (0.12, 1.50) |
Distance to water bodies (<1000 m) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   1000-2499 | 0.71 (0.53, 0.96) | 0.73 (0.29, 1.86) | 0.71 (0.29, 1.72) | 0.55 (0.19, 1.50) |
   2500-4999 | 0.54 (0.38, 0.77) | 0.61 (0.20, 1.55) | 0.60 (0.19, 1.72) | 0.49 (0.17, 1.42) |
   ≥ 5000 | 0.11 (0.04, 0.30) | 0.22 (0.03, 1.40) | 0.21 (0.03, 1.39) | 0.20 (0.02, 1.93) |
Altitude (<850 m) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   850-1199 | 0.72 (0.49, 1.06) | 0.21 (0.03, 1.70) | 0.22 (0.03, 1.80) | 0.20 (0.02, 1.92) |
   1200-1399 | 0.73 (0.49, 1.09) | 0.32 (0.03, 3.27) | 0.30 (0.03, 3.29) | 0.27 (0.02, 4.81) |
   ≥ 1400 | 0.48 (0.25, 0.92) | 0.74 (0.04, 10.2) | 0.57 (0.03, 7.68) | 0.32 (0.02, 7.86) |
Socio-economic index (1st quintile) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   2nd quintile | 1.06 (0.75, 1.50) | 1.21 (0.78, 1.92) | - | - |
   3rd quintile | 0.85 (0.60, 1.22) | 1.31 (0.75, 2.23) | - | - |
   4th quintile | 0.28 (0.17, 0.46) | 0.75 (0.33, 1.75) | - | - |
   5th quintile | 0.09 (0.04, 0.19) | 0.40 (0.09, 1.56) | - | - |
Interventions | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   IRS | 0.16 (0.07, 0.36) | 1.73 (0.42, 6.90) | - | - |
   Bed nets | 0.59 (0.46, 0.77) | 0.60 (0.39, 0.88) | - | - |
 |  | Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) | Mean (95%CI) |
Range (in km) | - | - | - | 0.38 (0.21, 3.39) |
σ2 (spatial error) | - | - | - | 0.98 (0.01, 2.77) |
Ï„2 (measurement error) | - | 1.77 (0.90, 3.23) | 1.71 (0.93, 2.84) | 0.82 (0.01, 2.69) |