Table 4 Demographic, clinical and laboratory test characteristics by clinical phenotype of malaria and HIV infections in pregnant women

Demographic Characteristics

Maternal age (years)

< 20

13 (5.8%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (5.3%)

7 (8.9%)

20–24

51 (22.6%)

0 (0.0%)

7 (36.8%)

17 (21.5%)

> = 25

132 (71.6%)

6 (100.0%)

11 (57.9%)

55 (69.6%)

0.5

Marital status

Married spouses of soldiers

194 (87.4%)

5 (50.0%)

15 (79.0%)

63 (80.8%)

Single women as parents of soldiers

28 (12.6%)

5 (50.0%)

4 (21.0%)

15 (19.2%)

0.04

Occupation, (%)

Others with income

15 (6.6%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (21.1%)

18 (22.5%)

Housewives without income

211 (93.4%)

6 (100.0%)

15 (79.0%)

62 (77.5%)

0.001

Number of previous pregnancies, (%)

Primigravidae

50 (22.1%)

0 (0.0%)

6 (31.6%)

21 (26.6%)

Multigravidae

176 (77.9%)

6 (100.0%)

13 (68.4%)

58 (73.4%)

0.4

Number of children, (%)

<3

114 (51.8%)

4 (66.7%)

12 (63.2%)

52 (65.8%)

> = 3

106 (48.2%)

2 (33.3%)

7 (36.8%)

27 (34.2%)

0.1

Number of abortion, (%)

Abortion

166 (73.1%)

5 (83.3%)

10 (52.6%)

54 (67.5%)

0.2

Trimester of visit, (%)

First-trimester

112 (49.3%)

2 (33.3%)

10 (52.6%)

39 (48.7%)

Second-trimester

60 (26.4%)

3 (50.0%)

5 (26.3%)

20 (25.0%)

Third-trimester

55 (24.3%)

1 (16.7%)

4 (21.1%)

21 (26.3%)

0.9

District of Kinshasa, (%)

Semi-urban for Amba

11 (4.8%)

2 (33.3%)

2 (10.5%)

6 (7.5%)

Urban for Funa

160 (70.5%)

4 (66.7%)

13 (68.4%)

42 (52.5%)

0.005

Rural for Lukunga

56 (24.7%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (21.1%)

32 (40.0%)

LBW, (%)

101 (44.7%)

2 (33.3%)

10 (52.6%)

5 (6.3%)

<0.001

Examination findings, (%)

Fever

74 (32.6%)

2 (33.3%)

19 (100.0%)

32 (40.0%)

<0.001

Body aches

24 (10.7%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (5.3%)

13 (16.3%)

0.3

Headaches

33 (14.5%)

1 (16.7%)

4 (21.1%)

11 (13.8%)

0.8

Digestive disorders

24 (10.6%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (10.5%)

9 (11.3%)

0.8

Nausea and vomiting

17 (7.5%)

1 (16.7%)

1 (5.3%)

6 (7.5%)

0.8

Respiratory infection

89 (39.2%)

5 (83.3%)

7 (36.8%)

31 (38.7%)

0.1

Bleeding

18 (7.9%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (6.3%)

0.5

Placenta previa

20 (8.8%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (15.8%)

7 (8.7%)

0.6

Urinary tract infection

147 (64.8%)

6 (100.0%)

8 (42.1%)

61 (76.2%)

0.008

Laboratory Tests, (%)

Anemia (haemoglobin < 11 g/dL)⁴

74 (32.6%)

3 (50.0%)

13(68.4%)

22 (27.5%)

0.004