Seasonality in malaria transmission: implications for case-management with long-acting artemisinin combination therapy in sub-Saharan Africa

Table 1 Details of the cohort studies in West Africa

Author	Location	No. children^a	No. malaria episodes^a	Year of study	Drug used for case-management	Child age group	Transmission season	Prevalence	EIR	Insecticide-treated net coverage (%)
Cisse [22]	Niakhar, Senegal	744	1249	2002–2003	Chloroquine (first line), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (2nd line)	Under 5 years	August–October	2002: 36 % pre-season, 37 % post-season; 2003: 31 % pre-season, 30 % post-season	10 [45]	<1
Milligan (unpublished)	Farafenni, The Gambia	629	327	2003–2004	Chloroquine plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine	Under 10 years	August–October	post-season 2003: 38.7 % (under 10), 36.3 % (under 5)	10–40 (1997) [46]	1
Dicko [20, 21]	Kati district, Mali	1487	848	2008–2009	Artemether-lumefantrine	Under 5 years	August–November	13.2 % at end of transmission season	6.6–37.3 [21] (supplement S3)	99
Konate [18, 19]	Boussé district, Burkina Faso	1490	1097	2008–2009	Artemether-lumefantrine	Under 5 years	July–October	41.5 % at end of transmission season	173 [47]	93
Chandramohan [17]	Navrongo, Ghana	1141	710	2000–2004	Chloroquine	Infants	June–November	31.5 % at 18 months of age	418 [29]	3
Asante [16]	Kintampo, Ghana	1855	1600	2008–2011	Artesunate-amodiaquine	Infants	Perennial, peaks April–October	64 % (under 5) [48]	231–269 (2003–2005) [49]	~50

EIR entomological inoculation rate
^aFor intervention studies, this was based on the placebo group. Number of children and number of malaria episodes may not agree exactly with the published papers, due to restricting follow-up time in the present analyses to a single year of follow-up (to allow estimation of seasonality and the number of malaria episodes occurring per child per year), and discounting malaria episodes within 7 days of a prior episode

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