Table 4 Pharmacokinetic parameters of ritonavir and lopinavir when administered as LPV/r alone and in combination with artesunate-mefloquine (n = 16)
Pharmacokinetic parameter | Lopinavir | Ritonavi | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alone | With artesunate-mefloquine | GMR (90Â % CI) | p value | Alone | With artesunate-mefloquine | GMR (90Â % CI) | p value | |
tmax(h) | 4.0 (3.1, 4.8) | 4.0 (3.1, 4.8) | 0.86 (0.63, 1.17) | 0.887 | 4.0 (3.1, 4.8) | 4.0 (3.1, 4.8) | 1.03 (0.75, 1.43) | 0.942 |
Cmax (μg/mL) | 12.36 (10.51, 14.21) | 9.62 (7.99, 11.24) | 0.77 (0.63, 0.92) | 0.030* | 1.53 (0.97, 2.08) | 0.68 (0.49, 0.87) | 0.48 (0.34, 0.69) | 0.004* |
AUC0–12h (μg h/mL) | 103.32 (82.62, 124.01) | 90.51 (74.86, 106.16) | 0.78 (0.62, 0.99) | 0.088 | 8.11 (5.71, 10.50) | 4.49 (3.47, 5.50) | 0.52 (0.37, 0.74) | 0.003* |
AUC0–∞ (μg h/mL) | 228.98 (131.13, 326.82) | 130.19 (22.61, 237.76) | 0.62 (0.38, 1.03) | 0.099 | 10.79 (6.17, 15.40) | 4.71 (2.27, 7.15) | 0.46 (0.29, 0.71) | 0.010* |
t1/2z (h) | 9.8 (5.4, 14.2) | 6.6 (1.8, 11.4) | 0.71 (0.45, 1.13) | 0.071 | 4.3 (3.5, 5.1) | 3.7 (3.1, 4.4) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.11) | 0.239 |
CL/F (L/h) | 1.75 (1.01, 2.49) | 3.07 (1.18, 4.96) | 1.61 (0.98, 2.63) | 0.023* | 9.27 (4.74, 13.80) | 21.24 (8.71, 33.77) | 2.19 (1.41, 3.40) | 0.008* |
Vz/F (L/kg) | 0.45 (0.36, 0.54) | 0.53 (0.41, 0.65) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.38) | 0.071 | 0.97 (0.61, 1.32) | 1.75 (0.13, 3.37) | 1.90 (1.29, 2.81) | 0.041* |