Fig. 1

Histopathological changes in the lung in severe malaria. a Bar chart comparing score of the histopathological features in normal, non-PE and PE malaria lung samples; b, c photomicrographs of histopathological changes in a fatal falciparum malaria case [case number A41001]; b alveolar capillary expansion with accumulation of sequestration PRBCs and leukocytes accumulation. Phagocytosed haemozoin pigment in macrophages and neutrophils within alveolar septa; c pulmonary oedema and hyaline membrance formation indicated severe lung injury; d severe pulmonary oedema presented with free oedematous fluid in alveolar space [case number A47001-8]; and, e normal lung with clear alveolar space and thin alveolar septum [case number RC002-22], (H&E staining, scale bars as shown), For this and subsequent figures statistical significance of comparisons are *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.0001