Table 4 Odds ratios derived from multilevel logistic models estimating association between education and wealth on prevalence of malaria, Madagascar Malaria Indicator Survey 2011, 2013

Education

 None

1.00

 Primary

0.83

0.58, 1.19

 Secondary and higher

0.51

0.28, 0.95

Wealth

 Poorest

1.00

 Poorer

0.71

0.47, 1.06

 Middle

0.61

0.39, 0.97

 Richer

0.25

0.13, 0.49

 Richest

0.25

0.10, 0.64

Random effects

 SD (district)

1.55

0.82, 2.93

 SD (cluster)

1.58

0.93, 2.70

 SD (household)

1.18

0.54, 2.60

Pseudo-R²

0.323

AIC

2,046

N

6,879