Table 2 Bi- and multivariate analyses of risk factors for developing a clinical malaria episode, including IRS the previous year in the household (179 cases, 1125 controls, 5 communes)
From: Effectiveness of malaria control interventions in Madagascar: a nationwide case–control survey
Variable | Category | N cases (%) | N controls (%) | Bivariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR [95 %CI] | p | Adjusted OR [95 %CI] | p | ||||
IRS the previous year | No | 92 (51.4) | 778 (69.2) | 0.50 [0.33–0.76] | 0.001 | 0.49 [0.35–0.69] | <0.001 |
Yes | 87 (48.6) | 347 (30.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Age group | 0–1 year | 19 (10.6) | 37 (3.3) | 26.08 [12.00–56.71] | <0.001 | 20.76 [9.44–45.66] | <0.001 |
2–4 years | 34 (19.0) | 130 (11.6) | 14.24 [6.12–33.16] | <0.001 | 12.85 [5.77–28.63] | <0.001 | |
5–9 years | 38 (21.2) | 198 (17.6) | 11.17 [5.39–23.16] | <0.001 | 9.69 [5.07–18.52] | <0.001 | |
10–15 years | 26 (14.5) | 180 (16.0) | 7.33 [2.08–25.90] | 0.002 | 6.44 [2.03–20.41] | 0.002 | |
15–19 years | 26 (14.5) | 125 (11.1) | 11.29 [3.57–35.67] | <0.001 | 10.03 [3.93–25.58] | <0.001 | |
20–39 years | 33 (18.4) | 247 (22.0) | 7.34 [2.77–19.43] | <0.001 | 6.45 [2.81–14.81] | <0.001 | |
≥40 years | 3 (1.7) | 208 (18.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
Sex | Male | 98 (54.7) | 476 (42.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Female | 81 (45.3) | 649 (57.7) | 0.59 [0.52–0.66] | <0.001 | 0.65 [0.55–0.78] | <0.001 | |
Transmission pattern | Fringe | 55 (30.7) | 219 (19.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
West | 118 (65.9) | 697 (62.0) | 0.61 [0.25–1.47] | 0.269 | 1.50 [0.71–3.14] | 0.288 | |
South | 6 (3.4) | 209 (18.6) | 0.11 [0.11–0.11] | <0.001 | 0.13 [0.12–0.14] | <0.001 | |