Table 2 Clinical studies using severe thrombocytopaenia as a criterion of severe malaria
From: Imported Plasmodium vivax malaria with severe thrombocytopaenia: can it be severe malaria or not?
References | Type of study/country | No patients with severe P.vivax malaria/P. vivax malaria (%) | Exclusion P. falciparum a/Exclusion of other infectious diseases | No patients with severe thrombocytopaenia among those with severe malaria (%) | No patients with bleeding manifestation (tipology) | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[13] | Prospective (adults)/India | 40/456 (0.08) | Yes (RDT)/PCR/Yes | 5 (12.5) | 2 (Severe epistaxis requiring blood and platelet transfusions) | 2 due to ARDS (none with Thp) |
[14] | Prospective (pediatrics)/India | 24/35 (68.6) | No/No | 17 (70.8)b | 2 (Epistaxis) | None |
[52] | Retrospective (adults and pediatrics)/India | 17/221 (7.7) | No/No | 13 | NR | 3 (Pregnant women with ARDS) |
[53] | Retrospective (adults)/India | 28/30 (93.3) | No/No | 28 (93.3) | None | 2:1 ARDS, 1 CM (none with Thp) |
[54] | Retrospective (pediatrics)/India | 23/108 (21.3) | Yes (RDT)/No | 9/23 (39.1) | 3 (Petechiae, purpura) | 1: GI bleeding, DIC, renal failure |
[55] | Retrospective (adults)/India | 43/121 (35.5) | Yes (RDT)c/No | 43 | None | 3 due to ARDS (none with Thp) |
[56] | Prospective (pediatrics)/India | 60/380 (15.8) | Yes (RDT)/Yes | 51/60 (85) | 44 (Epistaxis); 19 (hematemesis) | None |
[57] | Retrospective (adults)/India | 107/213 (50.2) | Yes (RDT)/No | 17 (15.8) | None | None |
[58] | Retrospective (pediatrics)/India | 45/131 (21.1) | Yes (RDT)/No | 17 (13) | 12 (NR) | 4:2 ARDS/ARF; 1 CM; 1 DIC |
[59] | Retrospective (pediatrics)/India | 54/261 (20.7) | Yes (RDT)/Yes | 20 (37) | 10 (NR) | None |
[60] | Prospective (adults and pediatrics)/India | 200/900 (22.2) | Yes (RDT)/No | 24/200 (12) | 4 (Purpuric eruptions) | 40 |
[61] | Prospective (adults)/India | 22/198 (11.1) | Yes (RDTÂ +Â PCR)/No | 7/14 (50)d | 9 (NR) | 2 CM and ARDS (none with Thp) |
[62] | Prospective (pediatrics)/India | 38/61 (62.3) | Yes (RDT)/No | 18/38 (47.4) | NR | 5 (3 ARDS) |
[63] | Prospective (pediatrics)/Pakistan | 397,128 (30.5) | No/No | 15 (38.5) | NR | 1 with GCS <10, convulsion (without Thp) |
[64] | Retrospective (adults)/India | 111/296 (37.5) | Yes (RDTÂ +Â PCR)e/No | 58/111 (52.2) | 16 (GI, genitourinary or respiratory tracts) | 3 8 acute myocardial infarction) |
[65] | Retrospective (adults and pediatrics)/India | 83/359 (23.1) | No/No | 13 (15.7) | 4 (NR) | None |
[66] | Prospective (pediatrics)/Sudan | 18/18 (100) | No/No | 4 (22.2) | 2 epistaxis | None |
Total | Â | 952/3916 (24.3) | 11/17 (64.7)/3/17 (17.6) | 359/952 (37.7) | 106/3506 (3)/106/310 (34.2) | 66/952 (6.9) |