Identifying risk factors for Plasmodium infection and anaemia in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Ferrari, Giovanfrancesco; Ntuku, Henry M. T.; Ross, Amanda; Schmidlin, Sandro; Kalemwa, Didier M.; Tshefu, Antoinette K.; Lengeler, Christian

doi:10.1186/s12936-016-1412-5

Malaria Journal

Table 2 Univariate and multivariable analysis of risk factors associated with malaria in children between 6 and 59 months of age in Kinshasa, stratified by malaria transmission zone, 2011

From: Identifying risk factors for Plasmodium infection and anaemia in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

			<10 % prevalence								>10 % prevalence						Interaction by transmission zone
			Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis					Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis			Interaction by transmission zone
Variable	n	(%)	OR	95 % CI	p value	OR	95 % CI	p value	n	(%)	OR	95 % CI	p value	OR	95 % CI	p value	p value
Sex
Male	521	3.1	1			1			1141	23.6	1			1
Female	527	2.7	0.86	0.42–1.8	0.687	0.87	0.41–1.88	0.731	1162	23.3	1.01	0.84–1.23	0.886	0.98	0.80–1.21	0.857	0.670
Age (months)
6–35	446	0.7	1			1			958	17.8	1			1
36–47	416	3.1	4.76	1.35–16–84		5.86	1.62–21.17		872	25.5	1.57	1.26–1.97		1.73	1.36–2.20
48–59	186	7.5	12.02	3.41–42.34	<0.001	15.53	4.26–56.64	<0.001	473	31.1	2.08	1.61–2.68	<0.001	2.54	1.93–3.35	<0.001	0.009
Reported treated bed net use
No	446	3.6	1			1			1342	27.6	1			1
Yes	596	2.3	0.65	0.31–1.34	0.240	0.82	0.38–1.76	0.606	961	17.6	0.56	0.46–0.69	<0.001	0.62	0.50–0.77	<0.001	0.705
Fever in the last 2 weeks
No	798	1.6	1			1			1744	18.3	1			1
Yes	245	6.9	4.50	2.15–9.41	<0.001	5.53	2.52–12.11	<0.001	559	39.4	2.89	2.34–3.56	<0.001	2.94	2.36–3.68	<0.001	0.254
Education of the respondent
No education	24	8.3	1			1			220	32.3	1			1
Primary	390	3.6	0.41	0.09–1.92		0.35	0.07–1.82		1135	26.5	0.76	0.55–1.03		0.90	0.65–1.26
Secondary	471	2.8	0.31	0.07–1.47		0.28	0.05–1.50		740	19.7	0.52	0.37–0.72		0.78	0.54–1.14
Superior and above	163	0.6	0.07	0.01–0.78	0.080	0.05	0.00–0.68	0.084	208	10.6	0.25	0.15–0.42	< 0.001	0.47	0.26–0.86	0.056	0.754
Occupation of the respondent
Without occupation	720	2.8	1			1			1523	23.2	1			1
Manual labour	86	2.3	0.83	0.19–3.63		0.98	0.21–4.47		212	27.8	1.27	0.92–1.76		1.29	0.91–1.84
Self employed	104	3.8	1.40	0.47–4.18		1.58	0.49–5.11		275	24.7	1.08	0.80–1.46		1.01	0.74–1.38	0.236
Employed	138	2.9	1.04	0.35–3.11	0.931	1.79	0.51–6.31	0.742	293	20.1	0.83	0.61–1.13	0.229	1.35	0.95–1.94		0.860
Wealth tertile
Poorest	196	4.1	1			1			1175	31.6	1
Middle	298	3.0	0.73	0.28–1.93		0.72	0.26–2.04		575	19.5	0.52	0.41–0.67		0.54	0.42–0.70
Wealthiest	546	2.4	0.57	0.23–1.40	0.488	0.82	0.31–2.13	0.828	540	9.44	0.23	0.17–0.31	<0.001	0.27	0.20–0.38	<0.001	0.142

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