Table 1 Sample characteristics

Survey features

 Nationwide

Nationwide

Malaria areas

Nationwide

Malaria areas

 Mortality data

Yes

No

Yes

No

 Altitude data

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

 Number of households

15,675

8094

15,588

8575

Percentage distribution of households

 Antananarivo

  Analamanga

11.7

10.8

10.5

11.2

  Vakinankaratra

4.0

2.7

8.3

1.8

  Itasy

3.7

3.5

3.3

2.4

  Bongolava

3.0

2.4

2.1

3.2

 Fianarantsoa

  Haute Matsiatra

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.4

  Amoron i Mania

3.7

3.3

3.1

3.1

  Vatovavy Fitovinany

5.4

5.1

6.4

9.0

  Ihorombe

2.1

2.4

1.4

.9

  Atsimo Atsinanana

3.2

3.9

3.6

4.6

 Toamasina

  Atsinanana

6.4

6.3

7.3

6.4

  Analanjirofo

7.1

4.3

6.1

5.6

  Alaotra Mangoro

6.3

4.8

5.2

7.3

 Mahajanga

  Boeny

3.9

5.7

4.1

3.8

  Sofia

6.4

6.0

6.2

7.0

  Bestiboka

1.5

1.9

1.4

1.3

  Melaky

1.2

1.4

1.4

2.5

 Toliary

  Atsimo Andrefana

6.5

8.9

6.5

6.2

  Androy

3.1

3.6

3.0

3.6

  Anosy

3.3

3.4

3.2

2.9

  Menabe

2.9

3.4

2.8

3.0

 Antsiranana

  Diana

3.4

4.5

4.1

4.5

  Sava

6.0

6.8

5.2

4.2

100 %

100 %

100 %

100 %