Table 3 Risk factors for time to a first episode of malaria
Variable | Categories | Number of infants | Univariate | Mutivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95 % CI) | P value | HR (95 % CI) | P value | |||
Gender | Male | 160 (55.4 %) | Reference group | Reference group | ||
Female | 129 (44.6 %) | 1.26 (0.83–1.93) | 0.28 | 1.40 (0.91–2.17) | 0.13 | |
Mother’s ART regimen during pregnancy | Efavirenz-based | 144 (49.8 %) | Reference group | Reference group | ||
Lopinavir-based | 145 (50.2 %) | 1.23 (0.81–1.88) | 0.33 | 1.21 (0.79–1.87) | 0.38 | |
Pre-term delivery | ≥37 weeks | 237 (82.0 %) | Reference group | Reference group | ||
<37 weeks | 52 (18.0 %) | 1.02 (0.57–1.80) | 0.96 | 1.28 (0.68–2.40) | 0.45 | |
Low birth weight | ≥2500 g | 233 (80.6 %) | Reference group | Reference group | ||
<2500 g | 56 (19.4 %) | 0.70 (0.38–1.28) | 0.25 | 0.55 (0.28–1.08) | 0.08 | |
Placental malaria status | No parasites or pigment | 184 (63.7 %) | Reference group | Reference group | ||
Pigment (not parasites) on histopathology | 67 (23.2 %) | 1.31 (0.79–2.18) | 0.30 | 1.28 (0.76–2.17) | 0.36 | |
Parasites only detected by PCR or histopathology | 26 (9.0 %) | 0.76 (0.33–1.78) | 0.53 | 0.67 (0.29–1.58) | 0.36 | |
Parasites detected by placental blood smear | 12 (4.2 %) | 3.98 (1.88–8.42) | <0.001 | 4.51 (2.10–9.68) | <0.001 | |