Effects of Plasmodium falciparum infection on umbilical artery resistance and intrafetal blood flow distribution: a Doppler ultrasound study from Papua New Guinea

Table 2 Association of peripheral blood malaria infection with elevated umbilical artery resistance index (>90th centile)

	% (N)	OR (95% CI)	P	aOR (95% CI)^a	P
Peripheral malaria infection prior to Doppler scan^b
Any species	13.9 (63/452)	1.8 (0.8–3.9)	0.17	1.7 (0.8–3.9)	0.20
P.f.	11.5 (52/452)	2.3 (1.0–5.1)	0.048	2.3 (1.0–5.2)	0.047
P.v.	3.1 (14/452)	–	–	–	–
P.f. (sub)	4.8 (21/442)	2.3 (0.7–7.3)	0.15	2.1 (0.7–6.5)	0.20
Peripheral malaria infection at any stage in pregnancy (as a measure of exposure)^c
Any species	21.1 (76/361)	2.0 (1.0–4.0)	0.05	1.9 (0.9–4.0)	0.07
P.f.	16.6 (60/361)	2.4 (1.1–4.9)	0.021	2.4 (1.1–4.9)	0.024
P.v.	6.7 (24/361)	1.6 (0.6–4.9)	0.37	1.6 (0.5–5.0)	0.42
P.f. (sub)	7.4 (26/350)	2.7 (1.1–7.0)	0.04	2.6 (1.0–6.6)	0.05
Cumulative malaria detections with any species (as measure of exposure)^c
1	17.5 (63/361)	1.8 (0.9–4.0)	0.12	1.8 (0.8–3.9)	0.15
≥2	3.6 (13/361)	2.6 (0.7–9.2)	0.14	2.6 (0.7–9.8)	0.15