Fig. 3
From: Patterns of inflammatory responses and parasite tolerance vary with malaria transmission intensity
Association between pro-inflammatory cytokines and parasite density across the sites. The relationships between parasite density in children with malaria and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines a tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α b interleukin (IL)-12, c interferon (IFN)-γ, d IL-1β, e IL-2, f IL-6 and g IL-8, were examined using Spearman’s rank correlation test. P values in bold type indicate statistical significance. Samples below the detection limits were excluded from the analysis. (ρ = Spearman’s correlation coefficient)