High resolution melting: a useful field-deployable method to measure dhfr and dhps drug resistance in both highly and lowly endemic Plasmodium populations

Ndiaye, Yaye Dié; Diédhiou, Cyrille K.; Bei, Amy K.; Dieye, Baba; Mbaye, Aminata; Mze, Nasserdine Papa; Daniels, Rachel F.; Ndiaye, Ibrahima M.; Déme, Awa B.; Gaye, Amy; Sy, Mouhamad; Ndiaye, Tolla; Badiane, Aida S.; Ndiaye, Mouhamadou; Premji, Zul; Wirth, Dyann F.; Mboup, Souleymane; Krogstad, Donald; Volkman, Sarah K.; Ahouidi, Ambroise D.; Ndiaye, Daouda

doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1811-2

Table 2 Prevalence of mutations in dhfr and dhps in Senegal and Tanzania: monogenomic, polygenomic, and combined

From: High resolution melting: a useful field-deployable method to measure dhfr and dhps drug resistance in both highly and lowly endemic Plasmodium populations

Genes	Alleles	Monogenomic infections			Polygenomic infections			Combined Prevalence of mutations
Genes	Alleles	Senegal	Tanzania	p value	Senegal	Tanzania	p value	Senegal	Tanzania	p value
DHPS 437	A437	10/23 (43.47%)	6/14 (42.86%)	0.9681	8/27 (29.62%)	12/36 (33.33%)	0.75656	18/50 (36%)	18/50 (36%)	1
	G437	12/23 (52.17%)	6/14 (42.86%)	0.58	16/27 (59.25%)	11/36 (30.56%)	0.0226	28/50 (56%)	17/50 (34%)	0.0271
	A437 + G437	1/23 (4.34%)	2/14 (14.29%)	0.28	3/27 (11.11%)	13/36 (36.11%)	0.02382	4/50 (8%)	15/50 (30%)	0.00512
DHPS 540	K540	23/23 (100%)	14/14 (100%)	≥0.05	27/27 (100%)	36/36 (100%)	≥0.05	50/50 (100%)	50/50 (100%)	≥0.05
	E540	0/23 (0%)	0/14 (0%)	≥0.05	0/27 (0%)	0/36 (0%)	≥0.05	0	0	≥0.05
	K540 + E540	0/23 (0%)	0/14 (0%)	≥0.05	0/27 (0%)	0/36 (0%)	≥0.05	0	0	≥0.05
DHPS 581	A581	23/23 (100%)	14/14 (100%)	≥0.05	27/27 (100%)	36/36 (100%)	≥0.05	50/50 (100%)	50/50 (100%)	≥0.05
	G581	0/23 (0%)	0/14 (0%)	≥0.05	0/27 (0%)	0/36 (0%)	≥0.05	0	0	≥0.05
	A581 + G581	0/23 (0%)	0/14 (0%)	≥0.05	0/27 (0%)	0/36 (0%)	≥0.05	0	0	≥0.05
DHPS 613	A613	21/23 (91.30%)	14/14 (100%)	0.25848	26/27 (96.29%)	36/36 (100%)	≥0.05	46/50 (92%)	49/50 (98%)	0.16758
	T/S613	1/23 (3.33%)	0/14 (0%)	0.42952	0/27 (0%)	0/36 (0%)	≥0.05	2/50 (4%)	0	0.15272
	A613 + T/S613	1/23 (3.33%)	0/14 (0%)	0.42952	1/27 (3.7%)	0/36 (0%)	0.24604	2/50 (4%)	1/50 (2%)	0.5552
DHFR 51	N51	0/23 (0%)	4/14 (28.57%)	0.00672	0/27 (0%)	4/36 (11.12%)	0.07346	0	09/50 (18%)	0.00168
	51I	20/23 (86.95%)	4/14 (28.57%)	0.0003	27/27 (100%)	22/36 (61.12%)	0.00024	47/50 (94%)	37/50 (74%)	0.00634
	N51 + 51I	3/23 (13.04%)	6/14 (42.86%)	0.04036	0/27 (0%)	10/36 (27.78%)	0.00278	3/50 (6%)	04/50 (08%)	0.69654
DHFR 59	C59	0/23 (0%)	4/14 (22.57%)	0.00672	1/27 (3.70%)	8/36 (22.22%)	0.03752	1/50 (2%)	19/50 (38%)	0
	59R	20/23 (86.95%)	4/14 (22.57%)	0.0003	26/27 (96.29%)	18/36 (50%)	0.0001	46/50 (92%)	24/50 (48%)	0
	C59 + 59R	3/23 (13.04%)	6/14 (42.86%)	0.04036	0/27 (0%)	10/36 (27.78%)	0.0088	3/50 (6%)	07/50 (14%)	0.18352
DHFR 108	S108	0/23 (0%)	5/14 (35.71%)	0.00208	0/27 (0%)	2/36 (5.55%)	0.21498	0	07/50 (14%)	0.00614
	N108	22/23 (95.65%)	9/14 (64.29%)	0.01208	27/27 (100%)	29/36 (80.56%)	0.0151	49/50 (98%)	35/50 (70%)	0.00014
	S108 + N108	1/23 (4.35%)	0/14 (0%)	0.42952	0/27 (0%)	5/36 (13.89%)	0.04338	1/50 (2%)	08/50 (16%)	0.01428

Msp-1 and Msp-2 typing data were combined with drug resistance allele typing to determine the prevalence of mutations at each codon in monogenomic, polygenomic. The z-test for 2 population proportions was used to compare the allele prevalence in each country. The test is significant if the p value is less than 0.05

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