Table 2 Comparison of falciparum and non-falciparum malaria in asymptomatic and symptomatic participants, using the current gold standard in Ghana, microscopy
| Â | Falciparum, n (%) | Non-falciparum, n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | |
| Â | Day 1 | Â | Day 1 | Â |
Plasmodium spp. | 84 (90.3) | 40 (81.6) | P. malariae, 9 (9.7) | 9 (18.4) |
| Â | Â | Â | P. ovale curtisi, 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Â | Â | Â | P. ovale wallikeri, 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Â | Â | Â | P. vivax, 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Species dominance | 124 (87.3) | 18 (12.7) | ||
| Â | Day 8 | Â | Day 8 | Â |
Plasmodium spp. | 3 (3.2) | Â | P. malariae, 7 (7.5) | Â |
| Â | Falciparum infection | Non-falciparum infection | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | Symptomatic | Asymptomatic | |
Sex | ||||
 M | 10 (11.9) | 21 (52.5) | 9 (100) | 3 (33.3) |
 F | 74 (88.1) | 19 (47.5) | 0 (0) | 6 (66.7) |
Age group (Â years) | ||||
 ≤5 | 3 (3.6) | 7 (17.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (11.1) |
 6–10 | 4 (4.8) | 9 (22.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 11–18 | 17 (20.2) | 10 (25) | 4 (44.4) | 4 (44.4) |
 19–30 | 37 (44.0) | 6 (15) | 5 (55.6) | 0 (0) |
 31–60 | 20 (23.8) | 5 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (11.1) |
 Over 60 | 3 (3.6) | 3 (7.5) | 0 (0) | 3 (33.3) |
Sickling status | ||||
 Hb AA | 64 (76.2) | 22 (55) | 5 (55.6) | 6 (66.7) |
 Hb AS | 9 (10.7) | 12 (30) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0) |
 Hb AC | 10 (11.9) | 6 (15) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (33.3) |
 Hb SS | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 Hb SC | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Recent anti-malarial intake | ||||
 <3 months ago | 5 (6) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (11.1) | 3 (33.3) |
 3–6 months ago | 11 (13.1) | 7 (17.5) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) |
 None | 68 (26.9) | 30 (75) | 6 (66.7) | 4 (44.5) |
HIV | ||||
 HIV 1 | 13 (15.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 HIV 2 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 HIV 1 & 2 | 2 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 Negative | 69 (82.1) | 40 (100) | 9 (100) | 9 (100) |
Diabetes | ||||
 Positive | 3 (23.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 Negative | 81 (76.9) | 40 (100) | 9 (100) | 9 (100) |
Pregnancy | ||||
 Positive | 17 (20.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (44.4) | 0 (0) |
 Negative | 67 (79.8) | 40 (100) | 5 (65.6) | 9 (100) |