Fig. 2

Amino acid sequence polymorphism of the PfAMA-1 in Myanmar Plasmodium falciparum isolates. Thirty-seven haplotypes of Myanmar PfAMA-1 classified by nucleotide sequences were further classified into 36 distinct haplotypes based on amino acid sequences. Amino acid sequences of 36 haplotypes of Myanmar PfAMA-1 were compared to PfAMA-1 of 3D7 (GenBank Accession No.: U65407). Identical amino acid residues are indicated by dots. A total of 78 non-synonymous SNPs identified in 58 Myanmar PfAMA-1 resulted in amino acid changes at 64 positions. These amino acid changes were not evenly distributed in each PfAMA-1 haplotype. However, sequences clustered into an individual haplotype shared common amino acid changes. Conserved amino acid changes identified in all Myanmar PfAMA-1 sequences are presented as bold red with yellow background. Tri-morphic amino acid changes are presented as bold blue. Tetra- or penta-morphic amino acid changes are marked as bold purple. Rare amino acid changes identified are marked in bold green