Effect of nutrient supplementation on the acquisition of humoral immunity to Plasmodium falciparum in young Malawian children

Barua, Priyanka; Chandrasiri, Upeksha P.; Beeson, James G.; Dewey, Kathryn G.; Maleta, Kenneth; Ashorn, Per; Rogerson, Stephen J.

doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2224-6

Table 7 Association between nutrient supplementation and antibody levels in 18 months old children

From: Effect of nutrient supplementation on the acquisition of humoral immunity to Plasmodium falciparum in young Malawian children

Outcome	Antibody levels by study group, median (IQR)				LNS and IFA		LNS and MMN		MMN and IFA
Outcome	IFA^a	MMN^b	LNS^c	P value^d	Coeff (95% CI)	P value^e	Coeff (95% CI)	P value^e	Coeff (95% CI)	P value^e
Number of participants	N = 145	N = 140	N = 147
MSP-1 19kD^f	2.59 (0.83, 6.09)	2.95 (0.75, 6.37)	2.64 (1.00, 6.59)	0.877	1.05 (0.87, 1.26)	0.603	1.02 (0.70, 1.49)	0.909	1.09 (0.75, 1.58)	0.663
Adjusted model^g					1.04 (0.86, 1.26)	0.681	0.97 (0.65, 1.42)	0.857	1.07 (0.72, 1.58)	0.745
MSP-2^h	3.10 (0.97, 9.81)	2.74 (0.64, 8.57)	3.21 (1.38, 9.05)	0.334	1.01 (0.83, 1.22)	0.938	1.12 (0.77, 1.64)	0.548	0.92 (0.61, 1.38)	0.683
Adjusted model^g					0.99 (0.82, 1.22)	0.984	1.17 (0.79, 1.74)	0.434	0.86 (0.56, 1.31)	0.477
EBA-175ⁱ	4.06 (2.32, 19.29)	3.39 (1.88, 20.11)	3.62 (2.29, 18.47)	0.425	0.94 (0.80, 1.10)	0.427	0.99 (0.07, 1.38)	0.973	0.89 (0.64, 1.24)	0.489
Adjusted model^g					0.90 (0.77, 1.06)	0.217	0.98 (0.70, 1.36)	0.894	0.84 (0.60, 1.17)	0.294
Rh2A9^j	8.96 (4.66,13.50)	8.38 (4.77, 14.46)	8.76 (4.86,15.17)	0.952	1.02 (0.92, 1.12)	0.723	1.02 (0.85, 1.22)	0.848	1.02 (0.83, 1.24)	0.869
Adjusted model^g					1.03 (0.93, 1.14)	0.566	1.03 (0.84, 1.25)	0.790	1.05 (0.85, 1.29)	0.679
Schizont extract	3.13 (1.69, 6.19)	3.94 (1.40, 8.18)	2.96 (1.28, 6.35)	0.407	0.94 (0.80, 1.10)	0.433	0.79 (0.56, 1.12)	0.185	1.10 (0.80, 1.49)	0.564
Adjusted model^g					0.91 (0.78, 1.09)	0.332	0.78 (0.54, 1.12)	0.179	1.10 (0.80, 1.51)	0.559
VSA^k of E8B parasite line	0.00 (0.00, 0.27)	0.00 (0.00, 0.25)	0.00 (0.00, 0.12)	0.043	0.82 (0.60, 1.11)	0.189	0.62 (0.35, 1.10)	0.099	0.99 (0.60, 1.61)	0.953
Adjusted model^g					0.83 (0.61, 1.14)	0.250	0.61 (0.34, 1.11)	0.102	0.95 (0.60, 1.51)	0.818
VSA of R29 parasite line	0.00 (0.00, 0.07)	0.00 (0.00, 0.24)	0.00 (0.00, 0.004)	0.223	0.86 (0.58, 1.29)	0.469	0.89 (0.39, 1.98)	0.756	0.85 (0.39, 1.84)	0.671
Adjusted model^g					0.82 (0.53, 1.28)	0.382	0.73 (0.32, 1.70)	0.465	0.95 (0.43, 2.06)	0.889
VSA of 3D7 parasite line	0.002 (0.00, 0.39)	0.00 (0.00, 0.24)	0.00 (0.00, 0.28)	0.150	1.05 (0.78, 1.43)	0.731	1.18 (0.64, 2.19)	0.592	0.98 (0.56, 1.71)	0.930
Adjusted^g					1.14 (0.82, 1.59)	0.441	1.11 (0.55, 2.25)	0.765	0.94 (0.50, 1.75)	0.834

^aIron and folic acid
^bMultiple micronutrients
^clipid based nutrient supplements
^d P value calculated using Kruskal–Wallis test
^e P value calculated using linear regression of antibody levels between supplementation groups reporting coefficient and 95% Confidence intervals (CI)
^fMerozoite surface protein 1
^gP value calculated using multivariate regression adjusting for maternal BMI at enrolment, duration of gestation (from enrolment to delivery), number of pregnancies, sex of the child, maternal education, socioeconomic status, study site, maternal anaemic status at enrolment, maternal HIV status and bed net use by children
^hMerozoite surface protein 2
ⁱErythrocyte binding antigen 175
^jReticulocyte binding protein homologue 2A
^kVariant surface antigens
Significant P values <0.05 are indicated in italics

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