Table 6 Comparison of categorical demographic and EEG variables by outcome (neurological morbidity in survivors) (OR, 95% CI)
From: Admission EEG findings in diverse paediatric cerebral malaria populations predict outcomes
Country | Clinical or EEG variable | Children with variable who were alive with sequelae (N, %) | Children with variable who were alive without sequelae (N, %) | Odds ratioa | 95% confidence interval | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uganda | Total N (101) | |||||
Retinopathy positive | 32 (72.7) | 38 (69.1) | 1.19 | 0.49, 2.86 | 0.6930 | |
HIV reactivity | 3 (6.9) | 0 | ||||
Variability | 28 (63.6) | 34 (64.2) | 0.98 | 0.43, 2.25 | 0.9581 | |
Asymmetry | 4 (9.1) | 9 (16.1) | 0.52 | 0.15, 1.83 | 0.3089 | |
Electrographic seizures (present) | 3 (6.8) | 5 (8.9) | 0.75 | 0.17, 3.31 | 0.7002 | |
Spindles (present) | 26 (61.9) | 34 (64.2) | 0.91 | 0.39, 2.10 | ||
Vertex sharp waves | 22 (51.2) | 25 (47.2) | 1.17 | 0.52, 2.63 | 0.6972 | |
Focal slowing | 0 | 2 (3.8) | ||||
Reactivity (normal + paradoxical) | 15 (37.5) | 25 (49.0) | 0.62 | 0.27, 1.45 | 0.2730 | |
Normal reactivity (increase in voltage and/or frequency with stimulus) | 2 (5.0) | 1 (1.9) | 2.08 | 0.18, 24.40 | 0.4128 | |
Paradoxical reactivity (decrease in voltage and/or frequency with stimulus) | 13 (32.5) | 24 (47.1) | 0.56 | 0.24, 1.35 | 0.1895 | |
Malawi | Total N (137) | |||||
HIV reactivity | 1 (7.1) | 11 (10.0) | 0.69 | 0.08, 5.81 | 0.7347 | |
Variability | 7 (43.8) | 64 (52.9) | 0.69 | 0.24, 1.98 | 0.4932 | |
Asymmetry | 7 (43.8) | 33 (27.3) | 2.07 | 0.72, 6.02 | 0.1797 | |
Electrographic seizures present | 6 (37.5) | 10 (8.3) | 6.7 | 2.0, 22.1 | 0.002 | |
Spindles present | 5 (31.3) | 53 (43.8) | 0.58 | 0.19, 1.78 | 0.3438 | |
Vertex sharp waves | 1 (6.3) | 36 (29.8) | 0.16 | 0.02, 1.24 | 0.0788 | |
Focal slowing (focal versus gen) | 4 (25.0) | 10 (8.3) | 3.7 | 1.01, 13.6 | 0.0491 | |
Reactivity (normal + paradoxical) | 6 (37.5) | 56 (48.3) | 0.64 | 0.22, 1.89 | 0.4209 | |
Normal Reactivity (increase in voltage and/or frequency with stimulus) | 5 (31.3) | 32 (27.6) | 0.94 | 0.29, 2.98 | 0.3837 | |
Paradoxical reactivity (decrease in voltage and/or frequency with stimulus) | 1 (6.3) | 24 (20.7) | 0.25 | 0.03, 2.06 | 0.2025 | |
Uganda + Malawi | Total N (281) | |||||
Retinopathy positive | 48 (80.0) | 159 (90.3) | 0.43 | 0.19, 0.96 | 0.0390 | |
HIV reactivity | 4 (7.0) | 11 (6.6) | 1.06 | 0.33, 3.48 | 0.9190 | |
Variability | 35 (58.3) | 98 (56.3) | 1.09 | 0.59, 1.97 | 0.7862 | |
Asymmetry | 11 (18.3) | 42 (23.7) | 0.72 | 0.34, 1.51 | 0.3875 | |
Electrographic seizures present | 9 (15.0) | 15 (8.5) | 1.91 | 0.79, 4.62 | 0.1529 | |
Spindles present | 31 (53.5) | 87 (50.0) | 1.15 | 0.63, 2.08 | 0.6493 | |
Vertex sharp waves | 23 (38.9) | 61 (35.1) | 1.18 | 0.64, 2.18 | 0.5875 | |
Focal slowing | 4 (6.8) | 12 (6.9) | 0.98 | 0.30, 3.17 | 0.9756 | |
Reactivity (normal + paradoxical) | 21 (37.5) | 81 (48.5) | 0.64 | 0.34, 1.19 | 0.1543 | |
Reactivity (increase in voltage and/or frequency with stimulus) | 7 (12.5) | 33 (19.8) | 0.52 | 0.21, 1.29 | 0.2856 | |
Paradoxical reactivity (decrease in voltage and/or frequency with stimulus) | 14 (25.0) | 48 (28.7) | 0.72 | 0.35, 1.46 | 0.9846 |