Fig. 1

Schematic of the SLIM model that couples a vector dispersal model with a malaria dynamics formulation. a Ponding and moisture index obtained from an ecohydrologic model (Dhara) provide the habitat for gravid female Anopheles to deposit eggs. The dispersal of host-seeking mosquitoes is based on a host searching index calculated as a function of human density in each grid cell. The rates of movement of mosquitoes among adjacent grid cells are diffusive. In each cell, the changes of sub-populations (x-axes) in vector dispersal and malaria dynamics models over time period \(\Delta t\) are described by transition probabilities. b Sub-population of compartmental malaria dynamics model in each grid cell. c Sub-population of vector dynamics model in each grid cell. The vector dispersal and malaria dynamics models share the adult vector population which affects both the aquatic density and malaria transmission in human hosts