Fig. 1

Haemolysis in children with subclinical malaria. At study enrollment (Day 1) or follow-up (Day 35), (a) Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) burden was determined by 18S qPCR for uninfected controls (Ctrl) (n = 21) or subclinically malaria-infected (n = 23) children (Table 1). b Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were determined by Hemocue analyzer. c Pie charts show proportion (%) of children with differing levels of anaemia (WHO classification: non-anaemic (> 11.5 g/dL), mild (11–11.5 g/dL), and moderate (8–10.9 g/dL)]. Plasma concentration of (d) haptoglobin (HPT), (e) haem, (f) haemopexin (HPX), or (g) haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) determined by ELISA. Dot plots show individual patient parameters. Red lines represent medians. P-values for comparisons between uninfected controls (Ctrl) and infected children at enrollment were determined by Mann–Whitney test. P-values for comparisons between infected children at days 1 and 35 were determined by Wilcoxon matched-pair test. ‘ns’ indicates P > 0.05