Using mixed effects logistic regression models for complex survey data on malaria rapid diagnostic test results

Ugwu, Chigozie Louisa J.; Zewotir, Temesgen T.

doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2604-y

Malaria Journal

Table 3 Parameter estimates of odds ratio for the main effects

From: Using mixed effects logistic regression models for complex survey data on malaria rapid diagnostic test results

Effect	Estimates	Standard error	Odd ratio	95% CI		P-value
Effect	Estimates	Standard error	Odd ratio	Lower	Upper	P-value
Intercept	− 4.8896	0.5943	0.0075	0.0023	0.0241	< 0.0001
Region (Ref. North West)
South East	0.1086	0.3779	1.1147	0.5315	2.3380	0.7741
South South	− 0.5394	0.4571	0.5831	0.2380	1.4283	0.2389
South West	0.3979	0.3578	1.4887	0.7383	3.0017	0.2670
North Central	− 0.3953	0.4453	0.6735	0.2814	1.6120	0.3753
North East	− 1.1844	0.4844	0.3059	0.1184	0.7906	0.0150
Place of residence (Ref. urban)
Rural	1.5215	0.4590	4.5791	1.8624	11.2587	0.0010
Household wealth index (Ref. richest)
Poorest	1.2669	0.4368	3.5498	1.5080	8.3564	0.00391
Poorer	1.7230	0.3731	5.6013	2.6959	11.6380	< 0.0001
Middle-range	0.8989	0.2645	2.4569	1.4630	4.1260	0.0007
Richer	0.6020	0.1953	1.8258	1.2451	2.6772	0.0022
Mother’s educational level (Ref. more than secondary)
No education	0.7156	0.2077	2.0454	1.3614	3.0731	0.0006
Primary	0.4260	0.2034	1.5311	1.0277	2.2811	0.0368
Secondary	0.4363	0.1868	1.5470	1.0727	2.2310	0.0199
Anti-malaria spraying (Ref. yes)
No	− 0.1229	0.3516	0.8844	0.5020	1.7616	0.7292
Use of mosquito nets (Ref. yes)
No	− 0.0348	0.0811	0.9658	0.8238	1.1323	0.6683
Child’s age in months (Ref. age 6–12 months), months
Age 13–24	0.5329	0.1220	1.7039	1.3415	2.1641	< 0.0001
Age 25–36	0.9648	0.1224	2.6243	2.0645	3.3358	< 0.0001
Age 37–48	1.2785	0.1218	3.5912	2.8286	4.5596	< 0.0001
Age 49–59	1.6047	0.1259	4.9764	3.8882	6.3883	< 0.0001
Child’s gender (Ref. male)
Female	− 0.0756	0.0673	0.9272	0.8126	1.0544	0.2627
Child’s anaemic status (Ref. not anaemic)
Anemic	1.0928	0.0802	2.9826	2.5486	3.4906	< 0.0001
Prior child’s fever status (Ref. no fever)
Child had fever	0.6767	0.0714	1.9674	1.7106	2.2627	< 0.0001
Age of head of household (continuous)	0.0189	0.0059	1.0191	1.0074	1.0309	0.0013
Number of household members (continuous)	0.0961	0.0339	1.1008	1.0301	1.1762	0.0046
Number of net used	− 0.0141	0.0266	0.9860	0.9359	1.0388	0.5967
Number of rooms (continuous)	− 0.0119	0.0257	0.9881	0.9396	1.0643	0.6423
Cluster altitude in metres (continuous)	0.0003	0.0023	1.0003	0.9910	1.1003	< 0.0001
Availability of electricity (Ref. yes)
No	0.1372	0.1306	1.1471	0.8880	1.4817	0.0457
Availability of television (Ref. yes)
No	0.0261	0.1216	1.0265	0.8088	1.3027	0.8302
Type of toilet facility (Ref. flush toilet)
No toilet facility	0.4919	0.1540	1.6354	1.2093	2.2117	0.0016
Pit latrine	− 0.0582	0.1387	0.9434	0.7189	1.2382	0.6749
Distance from water source to the household (Ref. > 90 min), min
< 30	− 0.0338	0.0857	0.9668	0.8174	1.1437	0.6937
31–49	− 0.0006	0.2413	0.9995	0.6228	1.6038	0.9982
50–90	0.1116	0.2148	1.1181	0.7339	1.7034	0.6036
Household main roof (Ref. zinc/metal)
Wood material	− 0.1845	0.1285	0.8315	0.6464	1.0697	0.1524
Thatched/palm leaf	− 0.3325	0.1273	0.7171	0.5588	0.9204	0.0096
Household main floor (Ref. wood material)
Cement	0.0443	0.1387	1.0453	0.7965	1.3718	0.7497
Localdung plaster/earth	0.2404	0.1594	1.2718	0.9305	1.7382	0.1326
Household main wall (Ref. mud/bamboo/wood)
Cement block	0.0894	0.1146	1.0936	0.8736	1.3690	0.4361
No walls	− 0.2099	0.1568	0.8107	0.5962	1.1023	0.1821
Type of drinking water (Ref. unprotected water)
Protected water	− 0.1229	0.1626	0.8844	0.6430	1.2163	0.4505
Tap/pipped water	− 0.1962	0.1017	0.8218	0.6733	1.0031	0.0549

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ISSN: 1475-2875

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