Table 2 Definitions utilized in the SAFARI model
Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Malaria case | Occurrence of malaria infection in a person in whom the presence of malaria parasites in the blood can be confirmed by a diagnostic test [29] |
Asymptomatic | “The presence of asexual parasites in the blood without symptoms of illness” [29] |
Symptomatic | The presence of asexual parasites in the blood with symptoms of illness [29] |
Recrudescence | “Malaria case attributed to the recurrence of asexual parasitaemia after anti-malarial treatment, due to incomplete clearance of asexual parasitaemia of the same genotype(s) that caused the original illness” [29] |
Uncomplicated malaria | “Symptomatic malaria parasitaemia without signs of severity or evidence of vital organ dysfunction” [29] |
Severe malaria | “Acute falciparum malaria with signs of severe illness and/or evidence of vital organ dysfunction” [29] |
Treatment failure | “Inability to clear malarial parasitaemia or prevent recrudescence after administration of an anti-malarial medicine, regardless of whether clinical symptoms are resolved” [29] |
Early treatment failure | Development of severe malaria or increase in parasitaemia during first three days of treatment or the presence of parasitaemia and a fever on third day of treatment [30] |
Late clinical failure | Development of severe malaria or presence of parasitaemia and fever after three or more days since treatment began in cases that did not meet criteria for early treatment failure [30] |
Complete treatment Failure/clinical failure | Complete treatment failure or clinical failure is equal to the sum of Early Treatment Failure and Late Clinical Failure” [30] |
Parasite clearance failure | Presence of parasitaemia with no fever 1 week or longer after treatment began, also known as late parasitological failure [30] |
Recovery | Recovery comes with adequate clinical and parasitological response, defined by absence of parasitaemia after 2 weeks indicating the elimination of all malaria parasites that caused the infection [29, 30] |
Neurological sequelae | Deficits in cognition, gross motor function, speech, vision and hearing, behaviour problems or epilepsy resulting from severe malaria [28] |
Drug efficacy | “Capacity of an anti-malarial medicine to achieve the therapeutic objective when administered at a recommended dose, which is well tolerated and has minimal toxicity” [29] |
Treatment adherence | “Compliance with a regimen (chemoprophylaxis or treatment) or with procedures and practices prescribed by a health care worker” [29] |
Substandard medicine | “Authorized medical products that fail to meet either their quality standards or specifications, or both” [18] |
Falsified medicine | “Medical products that deliberately/fraudulently misrepresent their identity, composition or source” [18] |