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Table 1 Description of sample characteristics

From: A comparative study of the prevalence of and factors associated with insecticide-treated nets usage among children under 5 years of age in households that already own nets in Malawi

Variable

2010

n = 12,378

2015–2016

n = 10,196

Comparison p value

n

%

n

%

Child factors

 Age (months)

0.002

  ≤12

3032

(24.5)

2608

(25.6)

 

  13–23

2409

(19.5)

1762

(17.3)

 

  24–59

6937

(56.0)

5826

(57.1)

 

 Gender of child

0.242

  Male

6045

(48.2)

5077

(49.8)

 

  Female

6333

(51.2)

5119

(50.2)

 

Maternal characteristics

 Maternal age (years)

0.013

  15–24

4180

(33.8)

3700

(36.3)

 

  24–34

5915

(47.8)

4564

(44.8)

 

  ≥ 35

2283

(18.4)

1932

(18.9)

 

Educational level

< 0.001

  No formal education

1987

(16.1)

1192

(11.7)

 

  Primary

8310

(67.1)

6708

(65.8)

 

  Secondary/post-secondary

2081

(16.8)

2296

(22.5)

 

 Employed

< 0.001

  No

2985

(24.1)

2969

(29.1)

 

  Yes

9394

(75.9)

7227

(70.9)

 

 Ethnicity

0.289

  Chewa

4326

(35.0)

3566

(35.0)

 

  Tumbuka

1081

(8.7)

938

(9.2)

 

  Lomwe

2014

(16.3)

1855

(18.2)

 

  Yao

1634

(13.2)

1498

(14.7)

 

  Ngoni

1449

(11.7)

1154

(11.3)

 

  Others

1874

(15.1)

1186

(11.6)

 

 Marital status

< 0.001

  Unmarried

1366

(11.0)

1430

(14.0)

 

  Married

11,012

(89.0)

8766

(86.0)

 

 Religion

0.058

  Catholic

2655

(21.4)

1900

(18.6)

 

  Protestant

2581

(20.9)

2279

(22.4)

 

  Muslim and others

7142

(57.7)

6017

(59.0)

 

 Health behaviour

< 0.001

  Desirable

7889

(64.0)

4447

(36.0)

 

  Undesirable

4489

(43.9)

5749

(56.1)

 

Household factors

 Wealth

0.188

  Poorest

2303

(52.1)

2118

(47.9)

 

  Poorer

2643

(53.6)

2284

(46.4)

 

  Middle

2786

(27.3)

2076

(42.7)

 

  Richer

2337

(55.0)

1912

(45.0)

 

  Richest

2309

(56.1)

1806

(43.9)

 

 Gender of head of household

< 0.001

  Male

10,105

(81.6)

7868

(77.2)

 

  Female

2273

(18.4)

2328

(22.8)

 

 Roofing material

< 0.001

  Unimproved

8418

(68.0)

5967

(58.5)

 

  Improved

3960

(32.0)

4229

(41.5)

 

 Region

0.981

  Northern

1430

(11.6)

1167

(11.4)

 

  Central

5251

(42.4)

4279

(42.0)

 

  Southern

5697

(46.0)

4750

(46.6)

 

 Residence

0.830

  Urban

1749

(14.1)

1393

(13.7)

 

  Rural

10629

(85.9)

8803

(86.3)

 

 Household ITN supply

0.089

  Very poor

6007

(56.0)

4718

(44.0)

 

  Poor

3491

(54.4)

2930

(45.6)

 

  Good

2880

(53.1)

2548

(46.9)

 
  1. ITN insecticide-treated net