Table 1 Summary of the main findings from the reviewed articles
Article citation | Year | Design | Country | Valid K13-PM | Non-validated Non-synon. K13-PM (amino acid changes) | Sequence genotyping success rate (%) | Study period | Year when ART use was rolled out | Year of ART use (from policy change to study) | Prev. of parasite DNA with non-synon. K13-PM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Southeast Asia | ||||||||||
Ariey [1] | 2014 | CSS | Cambodia | R539T C580Y Y493HI543T | G449A N458Y T474I A481V T508N P527T G533S N537I P553L R561H V568G P574L S623C I543T P553L | 94.2% (886/941) | 2001–2012 | NR | NR | 33.9% (300/886) |
Ashley [11] | 2014 | RCT | Asia, Africa | R539T C580Y Y493H I543T | P441L F446I G449A N458Y M476I A481V S522C N525D N537I G538V R561H V568G P574L Q613E A675V H719NN87K L143P K189N R255K G112E T149S R223K D281V E130G K189T E252Q K438N | 82.1% (1019/1241) | 2011–2013 | NR | NR | 32.9% (335/1019) |
Bosman [52] | 2014 | CSS | Cambodia | C580Y Y493H | None | 40.7% (11/27) | 2013 | NR | NR | 63.6% (7/11) |
Dwivedi [53] | 2016 | CSS | Cambodia | R539T C580Y Y493H I543T | V568G P553L | 52.9% (282/533) | 2010–2011 | NR | NR | 24.1% (68/282) |
Imwong [44] | 2015 | CSS | East Thailand | C580Y R539T | Not reported | 87.1% (88/101) | 2014 | NR | NR | 93.2% (82/88) |
Imwong [54] | 2017 | CSS | Greater Mekong sub region | C580Y R539T Y493H | F446I G449A N537I R561H A481V D584V C469F P441L P527H P553L P574L P667R R575K | 100% (434/434) | 2008–2015 | NR | NR | 93.2% (82/88) |
Kheang [55] | 2017 | CSS | Cambodia | C580Y Y493H | Not reported | 82.6% (76/92) | 2014 | 2000 | 14Â years | 88.2% (67/76) |
Leang [17] | 2015 | RCT | Cambodia | C580Y Y493H R539T | D584V P553L V568G | 100% (419/419) | 2011–2013 | NR | NR | 52.3% (219/419) |
Mohon [56] | 2014 | CSS | Bangladesh | None | A578S | 93.4% (253/271) | 2009–2013 | NR | NR | 0.8% (2/253) |
Thuy-Nhien [57] | 2017 | CSS | Vietnam | Y493H R539T C580Y | T474I P553L V568G P574L | 100% (1060/1060) | 2009–2016 | 2005 | 4 years | 26.2% (278/1060) |
Nyunt [15] | 2015 | CSS | Myanmar | C580Y R539T | M476I A481V N458Y R515T N537I G449A D452E K479I C469F R528T R575K V496F P441L | 100% (91/91) | 2013 | NR | NR | 31.9% (29/91) |
Nyunt [28] | 2017 | CSS | Myanmar | C580Y | P574L P667T M476I | 100% (100/100) | 2013–2015 | NR | NR | 21% (21/100) |
Nyunt [29] | 2017 | CH | Myanmar | C580Y | T474I M476V C469F N490T Y511H G533A G538V N537I P553L E556D R561H P574L F673I A675V | 100% (550/550) | 2009–2013 | 2002 | 7 years | 33.6% (185/550) |
Nyunt [58] | 2017 | CSS | Myanmar | C580Y | P574L | 100% (4/4) | 2015 | NR | NR | 50% (2/4) |
Putaporntip [35] | 2016 | CSS | Thailand | C580Y R539T Y493H | P441L G449A N458Y A481V P527H E556D R561H P574L Y604H E605G N609S N632D | 91.3% (272/298) | 1991–2014 | 1995 | BA/AF | 67.3% (183/272) |
Spring [16] | 2015 | CH | Cambodia | C580Y R539T | Not reported | 100% (107/107) | 2012–2014 | NR | NR | 96.3% (103/107) |
Takala-Harrison [14] | 2015 | RCT | Southeast Asia | R539T C580Y Y493H I543T | P574L V568G P553L A481V G449A | 55% (303/551) | 2008–2011 | NR | NR | 40.6% (123/303) |
Talundzic [37] | 2015 | CSS | Thailand | C580Y R539T | N458Y E556D P574L R575K S621F | 100% (417/417) | 2007 | 1995 | 12Â years | 12% (50/417) |
Tun [30] | 2015 | CSS | Myanmar | C580Y | G449A N458I M476I F446I E252Q N537I R561H G538 V P574L A676D | 39.5% (940/2378) | 2013–2014 | NR | NR | 39.5% (371/940) |
Wang [19] | 2015 | CSS | China–Myanmar | R539T | N11Y I352T I376V P443S C469Y L492S F495L K189T E252Q R255K P441L F446I N458Y C469Y P574L A676D H719N | 100% (57/57) | 2008–2013 | NR | NR | 66.7% (38/57) |
Wang [38] | 2015 | CSS | China–Myanmar | C580Y | F446I N458Y C469Y P574L A676D H719N E252Q R255K F446I C469Y | 94.2% (180/191) | 2004–2012 | 1970 | 34 years | 48.9% (88/180) |
Win [21] | 2016 | CSS | Myanmar | None | P441L P443S G449A S485N Y511H A529T N554L P574L R561H R575K A675V A676D H719N I352T F446I E294G R254L | 82.4% (206/250) | 2013–2014 | 2005 | 8 years | 36.9% (76/206) |
Huang [36] | 2015 | CSS | South China | None | F446I F483S L492S F495L E556D | 77.8% (329/423) | 2007–2012 | 2009 | BA/AF | 47.7% (157/329) |
Bonnington [13] | 2017 | RCT | Myanmar | C580Y | F446I R561H M476I I205T | 91.4% (32/35) | 2013 | NR | NR | 46.9% (15/32) |
Menard [12] | 2016 | CSS | SEA, Africa | R539T C580Y Y493H I543T | F446I N458Y P574L R561H P553L A578S V589I S522C V534A F583L G665C N537D E605K | 93.7% (13,157/14,037) | 2012–2014 | NR | NR | 8.3% (1097/13,157) |
India | ||||||||||
Mishra [59] | 2015 | CSS | India | None | G533A S549Y R561H A578S | 98.7% (384/389) | 2009–2013 | 2007 | 2 years | 1% (4/384) |
Mishra [60] | 2016 | CSS | India | None | F446I A578S K189T | 100% (254/254) | 2014 | NR | NR | 3.9% (10/254) |
African region | ||||||||||
Balikagala [61] | 2017 | CSS | Uganda | None | A578S | 97.9% (143/146) | 2014 | 2006 | 8Â years | 1.4% (2/143) |
Bayih [18] | 2016 | RCT | Ethiopia | None | A622I | 84.5% (125/148) | 2013–2014 | 2004 | 9 years | 2.4% (3/125) |
Boussaroque [22] | 2016 | CSS | Senegal | None | N554H Q613H V637I K123R N137S T149S K189T/N | 89.3% (92/103) | 2013–2014 | 2006 | 7 years | 38% (35/92) |
Conrad [20] | 2014 | CSS | Uganda | None | K189T K189N F334L I465T Y558H A578S A617T L619S V637D | 76% (133/175) | 2006–2012 | NR | NR | 10.5% (14/133) |
Djaman [34] | 2017 | CSS | Ivory coast | None | E602D | 100% (298/298) | 2002–2013 | 2004 | BA/AF | 0.3% (1/298) |
Dorkenoo [25] | 2016 | CSS | Togo | None | S522M A578S C532S S522C | 95.6% (500/523) | 2012–2013 | 2005 | 7 years | 1.8% (9/500) |
Escobar [62] | 2015 | CSS | Angola Mozambique | None | V494I | 100% (200/200) | 2003–2012 | 2004 | BA/AF | 1% (2/200) |
Feng [33] | 2015 | CSS | Ghana–China | C580Y R539T | R575T D584V V692L | 95.8% (113/118) | 2013 | NR | NR | 8.8% (10/113) |
Guerra [27] | 2017 | CSS | Equatorial Guinea | None | Y588C E556K A578S V637I D641G | 93.5% (144/154) | 2005–2013 | 2009 | BA/AF | 6.9% (10/144) |
Gupta [63] | 2018 | CSS | Mozambique | None | P656I | 100% (351/351) | 2015 | 2004 | 11Â years | 2.8% (10/351) |
Huang [64] | 2015 | CSS | Grande Comore Island | None | S477Y D584E D464H L488S A504T I526M A578S D584E | 87% (180/207) | 2006–2014 | 2004 | 2 years | 11.1% (20/180) |
Ikeda [39] | 2018 | CSS | Uganda | None | C469Y M472V A621S V666I A675V | 100% (194/194) | 2014–2016 | NR | NR | 2.6% (5/194) |
Isozumi [23] | 2015 | CSS | Kenya | None | M442V N554S A569S A578S | 57.5% (539/938) | 2012–2013 | 2004 | 8 years | 1.5% (8/539) |
Kamau [5] | 2015 | CSS | SSA | None | A557S A578S L589I V566I A569T T630P S576L | 100% (1212/1212) | 2013–2014 | NR | NR | 1.2% (15/1212) |
Li [65] | 2016 | CSS | Equatorial Guinea | None | A578S | 90.7% (98/108) | 2013–2014 | NR | NR | 2% (2/98) |
Muwanguzi [66] | 2016 | CSS | Kenya | None | A578S | 100% (69/69) | 2009 | NR | NR | 1.4% (1/69) |
Mvumbi [67] | 2017 | CSS | DRC | None | F495L V520A M476K N523T E509D | 93.2% (261/280) | 2014 | 2005 | 9Â years | 3.4% (9/261) |
Ocan [68] | 2016 | CSS | Uganda | None | G533C S522A | 60% (60/100) | 2013–2014 | 2004 | 9 years | 3.3% (2/60) |
Ouattara [69] | 2015 | CSS | Mali | None | F446I A578S V581F D584N | 98.6% (209/212) | 1999–2011 | NR | NR | 12.4% (26/209) |
Taylor [26] | 2015 | CSS | SSA | None | G449D W470X V520A C542Y G544R G545E S522C P553L A557S R561C A578S A617T G638R | 100% (101/101) | 2002–2011 | NR | NR | 49.5% (50/101) |
Torrentino-Madamet [24] | 2015 | CSS | Mayotte, Comoros | None | N490H F495I N554H/K E596G | 100% (29/29) | 2013–2014 | 2004 | 9 years | 17.2% (5/29) |
Yang [31] | 2017 | CSS | China–Africa | R539T | M579I Q613E N664D A578S F662C N629S D464N D648Y E556K K610R A626T M476I V589I K658Q L663V P574L D648N | 100% (483/483) | 2012–2015 | NR | NR | 5% (24/483) |
Tacoli [32] | 2016 | CSS | Rwanda | None | P574L A675V D648H V555A A626S | 87.1% (222/255) | 2010–2015 | 2005 | 5 years | 2.3% (5/222) |