Polymorphisms in Pvkelch12 and gene amplification of Pvplasmepsin4 in Plasmodium vivax from Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia

Table 2 The ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per site and synonymous substitutions per site in Pvkelch12 gene

Countries	Provinces	Year	Total	Ka	Ks	Ka/Ks^a
Thailand	Tak	2007	2	0	0	Error
	Tak	2008	13	0	0	Error
	Tak	2010	63	3.72 × 10⁻³	5.11 × 10⁻³	0.728
	Tak	2011	35	2.48 × 10⁻³	2.55 × 10⁻³	0.9703
	Ubon Ratchathani	2014	87	2.48 × 10⁻³	5.12 × 10⁻³	0.4839
	Tak	2015	90	0	2.55 × 10⁻³	0
	Ubon Ratchathani	2016	64	2.48 × 10⁻³	2.56 × 10⁻³	0.9682
	Ubon Ratchathani	2017	45	1.24 × 10⁻³	− 1.31815	− 940.45623
Lao PDR	Savannakhet	2011	2	0	0	Error
	Champasak	2013	15	0	0	Error
	Savannakhet	2013	2	0	0	Error
	Salavan	2013	4	0	0	Error
	Champasak	2014	198	2.48 × 10⁻³	5.12 × 10⁻³	0.4839
	Savannakhet	2014	10	1.24 × 10⁻³	− 1.318159	− 940.45623
	Salavan	2014	56	1.24 × 10⁻³	− 1.31815	− 940.45623
	Xekong	2014	9	0	2.55 × 10⁻³	0
Cambodia	Pailin	2007	15	0	0	Error
Cambodia	Pailin	2008	24	0	0	Error

^aKa and Ks were estimated by using approximate method, Jukes-Cantor (JC) and Kimuras-two parameter models: https://kakscalculator.herokuapp.com/calculate.action [21]

ISSN: 1475-2875