Long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying may not be sufficient to eliminate malaria in a low malaria incidence area: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia

Loha, Eskindir; Deressa, Wakgari; Gari, Taye; Balkew, Meshesha; Kenea, Oljira; Solomon, Tarekegn; Hailu, Alemayehu; Robberstad, Bjarne; Assegid, Meselech; Overgaard, Hans J.; Lindtjørn, Bernt

doi:10.1186/s12936-019-2775-1

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study clusters at the beginning of the transmission in 2014

From: Long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying may not be sufficient to eliminate malaria in a low malaria incidence area: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia

	Intervention arms
	IRS + LLINs	%	LLINs	%	IRS	%	Control	%	Total	%
Number of clusters	44		44		44		44		176
Number of households	1618		1388		1527		1538		6071
Population	9104		8038		8567		8839		34,548
Population per cluster	207		183		195		201		196
Age group (in years)
< 5 years	1673	18.4	1528	19.0	1576	18.4	1711	19.4	6488	18.8
5–14 years	2840	31.2	2706	33.7	2832	33.1	2758	31.2	11,136	32.2
15 years and older	4591	50.4	3804	47.3	4159	48.5	4370	49.4	16,924	49.0
Total	9104		8038		8567		8839		34,548
Gender
Male	4612	50.7	4006	49.8	4312	50.3	4397	49.7	17,327	50.2
Female	4492	49.3	4032	50.2	4255	49.7	4442	50.3	17,221	49.8
Total	9104		8038		8567		8839		34,548
Ethnicity
Oromo	8819	96.9	7550	93.9	7627	89.0	7821	88.5	31,817	92.1
Amhara	15	0.2	34	0.4	34	0.4	126	1.4	209	0.6
Gurage	8	0.1	21	0.3	164	1.9	65	0.7	258	0.7
Others	262	2.9	433	5.4	742	8.7	827	9.4	2264	6.6
Total	9104		8038		8567		8839		34,548
Main roof material
Thatch/leaf	4353	47.8	3863	48.1	4035	47.1	3774	42.7	16,025	46.4
Corrugated iron	4726	51.9	4133	51.4	4484	52.3	5055	57.2	18,398	53.3
Cement/concrete	25	0.3	42	0.5	48	0.6	10	0.1	125	0.4
Total	9104		8038		8567		8839		34,548
Religion
Orthodox Christian	717	7.9	918	11.4	921	10.8	937	10.6	3493	10.1
Muslim	8275	90.9	6923	86.1	7437	86.8	7547	85.4	30,182	87.4
Protestant Christian	102	1.1	182	2.3	199	2.3	322	3.6	805	2.3
Other	10	0.1	15	0.2	10	0.1	33	0.4	68	0.2
Total	9104		8038		8567		8839		34,548
Education status
Illiterate	5187	57.0	4625	57.5	5043	58.9	4897	55.4	19,752	57.2
Read and write only	866	9.5	918	11.4	1139	13.3	815	9.2	3738	10.8
Primary	2206	24.2	1888	23.5	1820	21.2	2241	25.4	8155	23.6
Secondary and above	845	9.3	607	7.6	565	6.6	886	10.0	2903	8.4
Total	9104		8038		8567		8839		34,548
Socio-economic status
Lower class	2887	31.7	3171	39.5	2987	34.9	2414	27.3	11,459	33.2
Middle class	3084	33.9	2587	32.2	2754	32.1	3153	35.7	11,578	33.5
Upper class	3133	34.4	2280	28.4	2826	33.0	3272	37.0	11,511	33.3
Total	9104		8038		8567		8839		34,548

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ISSN: 1475-2875

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