Table 3 Characteristics of reported cases by continent of infection, RENAVE, Spain 2002–2015
Variables | Africa (n = 5389) | America (n = 201) | Asia (n = 154) | Oceania (n = 14) | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Gender | |||||||||
Male | 3502 | 65.3 | 122 | 61.0 | 103 | 66.9 | 9 | 64.3 | NS |
Female | 1860 | 34.7 | 78 | 39.0 | 51 | 33.1 | 5 | 35.7 | |
Age group (years) | |||||||||
< 15 | 781 | 14.6 | 9 | 4.5 | 31 | 20.4 | 0 | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
15–24 | 504 | 9.4 | 32 | 16 | 28 | 18.4 | 1 | 7.1 | |
25–34 | 1566 | 29.2 | 82 | 41 | 46 | 30.3 | 3 | 21.4 | |
35–44 | 1475 | 27.5 | 42 | 21 | 23 | 15.1 | 7 | 50.0 | |
≥ 45 | 1030 | 19.2 | 35 | 17.5 | 24 | 15.8 | 3 | 21.4 | |
Continent of birth | |||||||||
Africa | 3571 | 74.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.0 | < 0.001 |
America | 43 | 0.9 | 105 | 57.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 10.0 | |
Asia | 27 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.5 | 88 | 62.9 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Oceania | 3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 20.0 | |
Europe | 1178 | 24.4 | 78 | 42.4 | 50 | 35.7 | 7 | 70.0 | |
Reason for travel or stay | |||||||||
Immigrant | 1360 | 26.4 | 64 | 32.8 | 42 | 30.2 | 3 | 25.0 | < 0.001 |
Work | 654 | 12.7 | 19 | 9.7 | 10 | 7.2 | 3 | 25.0 | |
Tourism | 494 | 9.6 | 67 | 34.4 | 34 | 24.5 | 5 | 41.7 | |
VFRs | 2642 | 51.3 | 45 | 23.1 | 53 | 38.1 | 1 | 8.3 | |
Chemoprophylaxis | |||||||||
None | 3790 | 77.9 | 113 | 83.9 | 95 | 89.0 | 2 | 37.5 | < 0.001 |
Non complete | 589 | 15.5 | 18 | 10.2 | 11 | 7.6 | 3 | 25.0 | |
Complete | 226 | 6.6 | 7 | 5.9 | 4 | 3.4 | 3 | 37.5 | |
Plasmodium species | |||||||||
P. falciparum | 4374 | 92.3 | 55 | 34.0 | 20 | 14.8 | 5 | 45.5 | < 0.001 |
P. vivax | 92 | 1.9 | 99 | 61.1 | 106 | 78.5 | 5 | 45.5 | |
P. ovale | 102 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 3.7 | 1 | 9.1 | |
P. malariae | 57 | 1.2 | 3 | 1.9 | 3 | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Mixed | 112 | 2.4 | 5 | 3.1 | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.0 | |
Hospitalization | |||||||||
No | 736 | 15.0 | 28 | 15.5 | 12 | 8.3 | 0 | 0.0 | NS (p = 0.076) |
Yes | 4180 | 85.0 | 153 | 84.5 | 132 | 91.7 | 11 | 100.0 | |