Fig. 1

Heat map of seroreactivity to 9 PfEMP1 DBL-α tags and their parent DBL-CIDR head structures for sera from 35 Malian children, 18 adults, and 11 malaria-naïve controls, with each protein fragment separated by row, including pre-season seroreactivity and peak- or post-season seroreactivity. Each column displays the profile of one serum sample. Seroreactivities of PfEMP1 protein fragments were ordered from least to most reactive parent DBL-CIDR head structures. Individual serum samples within each subgroup were ordered from least to most seroreactive for all PfEMP1 protein fragments. Grey indicates no seroreactivity, black is low to moderate seroreactivity, and red denotes high seroreactivity to probed fragments, measured by fluorescence intensity. Seroreactivity of malaria-naïve controls was used to determine serorecognition of protein fragments by malaria exposed children and adults. PfEMP1, Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1; DBL, Duffy binding-like; CIDR, cysteine-rich interdomain region