Table 4 Synthesis, characterization methods, characteristics and antiplasmodial activity assessment of metal nanoparticles

Mode of preparation

Part used for NPs synthesis

Leaves

[47,48,49,50, 52, 53, 57,58,59,60]

Flowers

[53]

Seeds

[55, 56, 60]

Barks

[57]

Whole organism

[61,62,63]

Extraction solvent

Water

[47, 48, 50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60]

Tris–HCl buffer

[49]

Main method of preparation

Washing, cutting, boiling, decantation, filtration

[47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56, 59]

Physico-chemical characterization of NPs

Plasmon resonance

UV–Vis

[47, 48, 50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]

Shape, size and size distribution

FESEM/SEM, EDX, EDAX

[47, 48, 50,51,52,53,54,55,56, 60,61,62,63]

HRTEM/TEM, SAED

[49, 51, 57,58,59,60,61, 63]

Silver content

AAS

[49]

Interface NPs-metabolites

FTIR

[49, 51,52,53, 55,56,57, 59, 60, 62, 63]

Size distribution

DLS

[49, 59]

Structure-crystallinity

XRD

[47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57, 61]

Stability

Zeta potential

[47, 51, 53, 55]

Characteristics of NPs

Metal source

AgNO₃

[47,48,49,50, 52, 54,55,56,57,58, 61, 63]

HAuCl₄

[53, 57, 60, 61]

Pd(OAc)₂

[51]

TiCl₄

[59]

Time of production

< 30 min

[50, 58, 59, 61]

> 30 min

[47, 49, 51, 53,54,55,56]

Shape

Spherical or mainly spherical

[47,48,49,50,51, 54, 56,57,58,59, 62]

Other shapes (cubical, polygonal, triangular, oval, ellipsoidal, rectangular)

[50,51,52,53, 55, 57,58,59, 61]

NPs aggregation phenomenon

Yes

[49, 56]