High Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and temporal stability despite control efforts in high transmission settings along the international border between Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Table 1 Genetic diversity by country and year

	DRC (2016 and 2017)	DRC (2016)	DRC (2017)	Zambia (2016 and 2017)	Zambia (2016)	Zambia (2017)	Overall
Pfama1 (454 bp)
# Sequences	301	131	170	255	78	176	554
# Segregating sites (S)	38	38	34	38	38	37	38
Nucleotide diversity (π)	0.024	0.025	0.024	0.024	0.024	0.024	0.024
Nucleotide diversity (π): non-synonymous sites	0.029	0.030	0.029	0.029	0.030	0.030	0.029
# Unique haplotypes	82	53	62	87	46	72	117
Haplotype diversity (Hd)	0.975	0.976	0.974	0.978	0.978	0.978	0.977
Average # nucleotide differences (K)	10.995	11.135	10.916	10.951	10.755	11.044	10.977
Pfcsp (253 bp)
# Sequences	303	106	197	288	66	222	592
# Segregating sites (S)	33	29	32	30	25	30	35
Nucleotide diversity (π)	0.024	0.024	0.024	0.025	0.025	0.026	0.025
Nucleotide diversity (π): non-synonymous sites	0.030	0.030	0.030	0.032	0.031	0.032	0.031
# Unique haplotypes	62	43	55	62	31	56	83
Haplotype diversity (Hd)	0.966	0.967	0.967	0.966	0.961	0.968	0.966
Average # nucleotide differences (K)	6.052	6.101	6.033	6.418	6.231	6.483	6.214

DnaSP (version 6.10.01) was used to calculate the number of segregating sites (S), nucleotide diversity (π) among all loci, nucleotide diversity (π) among non-synonymous sites, the number of unique DNA haplotypes, haplotype diversity (Hd), and the average number of nucleotide differences between P. falciparum haplotype for each of the populations

ISSN: 1475-2875