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Table 2 Risk factors for longer hospital length of stay (> 2 days) (n = 10,478)

From: Intravenous artesunate plus oral dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine or intravenous quinine plus oral quinine for optimum treatment of severe malaria: lesson learnt from a field hospital in Timika, Papua, Indonesia

Risk factors

Hospital stay > 2 days, % (n/valid cases)

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

OR (95% CI)

p

AOR (95% CI)

p

Age group

 ≥ 15 years old

43.1 (2218/5144)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 0–< 1 year old

44.7 (302/675)

1.07 (0.91–1.26)

0.424

0.83 (0.69–0.99)

0.045

 1–< 5 years old

37.5 (1041/2773)

0.79 (0.72–9.87)

< 0.0001

0.69 (0.61–0.78)

< 0.0001

 5–< 15 years old

36.1 (680/1886)

0.74 (0.67–0.83)

< 0.0001

0.61 (0.54–0.68)

< 0.0001

Sex

 Male

39.7 (2082/5249)

Reference

 

–

–

 Female

41.3 (2159/5229)

1.07 (0.99–1.16)

0.091

–

–

Pregnancy status

 Non pregnant

39.8 (4009/10,073)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Pregnant

57.3 (232/405)

2.03 (1.66–2.48)

< 0.0001

2.17 (1.73–2.71)

< 0.0001

Ethnic groups

 Non Papuan

33.2 (449/1353)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Lowland Papuan

34.8 (327/941)

1.07 (0.89–1.28)

0.435

1.01 (0.83–1.23)

0.904

 Highland Papuan

42.3 (3458/8171)

1.48 (1.31–1.67)

< 0.0001

1.19 (1.04–1.36)

0.012

Nutritional status

 Normal

40.3 (4193/10,410)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Malnutrition

70.6 (48/68)

3.56 (2.11–6.00)

< 0.0001

4.39 (2.48–7.77)

< 0.0001

Species of infections

 P. falciparum

41.2 (2840/6894)

Reference

 

–

–

 P. vivax

37.3 (665/1782)

0.85 (0.76–0.95)

0.003

–

–

 Mixed infections

40.8 (703/1722)

0.98 (0.88–1.10)

0.779

–

–

 P. malariae

41.0 (32/78)

0.99 (0.63–1.56)

0.976

–

–

 P. ovale

50 (1/2)

1.43 (0.09–22.83)

0.801

–

–

Anaemia (g/dl)

 Hb ≥ 5

36.1 (2797/7739)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Hb < 5

66.5 (1169/1757)

3.51 (3.15–3.92)

< 0.0001

3.81 (3.39–4.28)

< 0.0001

Intravenous anti-malarials

 Intravenous artesunate and DHP

36.3 (2805/7721)

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Intravenous and oral quinine

52.1 (1436/2757)

1.91 (1.75–2.10)

< 0.0001

1.70 (1.54–1.88)

< 0.0001

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Malaria Journal

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