Table 3 Socio-demographic, geographic and household characteristics associated with non-utilization of ITNs among under-five children in Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey, 2015–16 (N = 4597)
Characteristics | Total | ITN non-utilization N (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 4597 | 3328 (80) | ||||
Age of the child (in months) | 0.07 | |||||
36–59 | 1842 | 1355 (81) | 1 | 1 | ||
12–35 | 1815 | 1320 (81) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 | |
<12 | 940 | 653 (79) | 0.9 (0.8–1.12) | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.5 | |
Sex of the child | 0.6 | |||||
Male | 2402 | 1731 (80) | 1 | |||
Female | 2195 | 1597 (81) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | |||
Age of caregiver (in years) | 0.8 | |||||
15–24 | 865 | 632 (81) | 1 | |||
25–34 | 2368 | 1715 (81) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | |||
≥35 | 1364 | 981 (80) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | |||
Education of the caregiver | < 0.001 | |||||
No formal education | 802 | 539 (72) | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 2034 | 1454 (80) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.8 | |
Secondary | 1440 | 1058 (84) | 2.0 (1.4–3.0) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.9 | |
More than secondary | 321 | 277 (91) | 3.9 (2.2–7.2) | 1.3 (0.6–2.6) | 0.5 | |
Father’s education | < 0.001 | |||||
No education | 792 | 532 (72) | 1 | 1 | ||
Primary | 1797 | 1310 (82) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.3 | |
Secondary | 1664 | 1208 (82) | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.5 | |
More than secondary | 253 | 212 (88) | 2.9 (1.6–5.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.6 | |
Occupation of the caregiver | 0.03 | |||||
Not-working | 2170 | 1538 (80) | 1 | 1 | ||
Working | 2425 | 1788 (81) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.7 | |
Father’s occupation | 0.001 | |||||
Manual worker | 2599 | 1892 (81) | 1 | 1 | ||
Agricultural | 1280 | 886 (77) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.1 | |
Others | 718 | 550 (83) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.09 | |
Number of household members | 0.07 | |||||
1–3 | 450 | 344 (84) | 1 | 1 | ||
4–6 | 2606 | 1897 (81) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.8 | |
7–10 | 1335 | 938 (78) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 0.7 | |
More than 10 | 206 | 149 (78) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) | 0.9 | |
Wealth index | 4,597 | < 0.001 | ||||
Lowest | 1383 | 928 (74) | 1 | 1 | ||
Second | 1043 | 722 (77) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.7 | |
Middle | 826 | 573 (81) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 0.2 | |
Fourth | 775 | 616 (87) | 2.4 (1.6–3.5) | 1.8 (1.1–2.7) | 0.01 | |
Highest | 570 | 489 (91) | 3.4 (2.2–5.3) | 1.8 (1.0–3.3) | 0.06 | |
Region | < 0.001 | |||||
Other regions | 3100 | 2025 (73) | 1 | 1 | ||
Malaria elimination regions | 1497 | 1303 (90) | 3.4 (2.4–4.8) | 2.0 (1.3–3.2) | 0.003 | |
Geographical location | < 0.001 | |||||
Coastal | 895 | 459 (51) | 1 | 1 | ||
Hilly | 1810 | 1174 (73) | 2.6 (1.7–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.6) | < 0.001 | |
Delta | 810 | 764 (94) | 14.9 (8.6–25.8) | 12.7 (7.7–21.2) | < 0.001 | |
Central plains | 1082 | 931 (85) | 5.3 (3.1–9.2) | 4.0 (2.3–7.3) | < 0.001 | |
Place of residence | < 0.001 | |||||
Rural | 3617 | 2489 (77) | 1 | 1 | ||
Urban | 980 | 839 (91) | 3.1 (2.2– 4.6) | 1.8 (1.2–2.9) | 0.006 |